Lecture 2 pptx Flashcards
gastrin Is secreted by ____ stimulates ____ Production and also stimulates secretion of _____ in the stomach
Stomach
HCL
Pepsinogen
secretin is secreted by which organ? and does what?
Small Intestine
Stimulates water and Bicarbonate secretion in pancreatic juice
CCK is secreted by which organ? and does what?
SI
secreting of enzymes into PJ
Gallbladder contractions
inhibits gastric motility
GIP ( gastric inhibitory peptide ) is secreted by which organ? and does what?
Small I
inhibits gastric motility and secretion
Glucogon like peptide 1 (GPL1)is secreted by which organ? and does what?
Illeum and colon
inhibits gastric motility and secretion
Guanylin is secreted by which organ? and does what?
Illeum and colon
causes removal of NaCl and water from feces
True or false. Gastrin and CCK compete for binding on Lower Esophageal Sphincter receptors.
True
True or false. Gastrin and CCK compete for binding on lower esophageal sphincter
receptors
True. They have opposite functions on the esophagus
Sucrose is disacch, comprised of which two sugars?
Sucrose -> glucose –fructose
Lactose
is disacch, comprised of which two sugars?
-> glucose –galactose
Which one of these can cross the intestinal Lumen ( passively)? i. Proteins ii. Tripeptides, iii. dipeptides iv. LCFA v. MCFA a all of the above b.i, v, c. ii, iii iv d ii, iii, v
d.
How are Fats broken down and absorbed through the lumen?
- Bile salts emulsify fatty acid droplets into smaller ones in the small intestine
- lipase released from the pancreas breaks down fat into FA, diaglerols, monoacyglycerol
- micelle encapsulates these bad bois for transport across the lumen
Most absorption of vitamins occurs in the ______ and _________. Does it occur by active transport or diffusion?
jejunum and ileum
Diffusion
Fat-soluble vitamins are?
A, D, E, K
Water-soluble vitamins are?
B vitamins and C
T or F B12 is water soluble therefore it can be absorbed easily though the lumen?
False. It requires IF (intrinsic factor; binding factor) to pass through epithelial wall to the blood stream
Intrinsic Factor is secreted by and is important for what?
secreted by gastric mucosa. It’s
folic acid requres which enzyme to be synthesized
Folic acid requires intestinal enzyme conjugase
True or false. minerals are generally well-absorbed in the intestine
False. Little absorption ( often need other substances to increase absorption) Loss of mineral in urine and feces
True or false 70% of absorption of water occurs in the small intestine. How does it occur?
false. 99% of absorption occurs in the small intestine via diffusion with an osmotic gradient
OsmolaRity: measure of [solute] /unit _______
simply, it is the ________of a solution
VOLUME (Osm/L)
concentration
Why is Osmolarity difficult to measure with consistency?
Δ volume w/ Δ temp/press, therefore more difficult to measure w/ consistency
- OsmolaLity: measure of [solute]/unit ______
- concentration of _____ dissolved in a solution
- True or false volume of solvent remains constant with / Δ temp/press, therefore reliable for measurement
- MASS (Osm/kg)
- particles
- True
Urine Osmolality: Normal 24-hr value in adults: _______ mOsm/kg
How will this number shift in a state of hypohydration vs. hyperhydration?
500-800 mOsm/kg
hypohydration: Increase
Hyperhydration: Decrease
Gastric Emptying: High CHO (low fat) meals empties in ___ hr
4 hours
High FAT meal empties in ____ hr
6 hours
Why is a high FAT meal slower to empty?
Harder to breakdown, more complex bonds Also abosobtion route
Which has a faster GE rate: food or fluid?
Why?
Fluid
Less time nand energy for mechanical breakdown