Lecture 2 - Parkinsons

Question 1

What is PD

Answer 1

neurodegenerative disease involving many parts of CNS - primarily basal ganglia

Question 2

What are the primary motor impairments in PD

Answer 2

Tremor
Rigidity
Bradykinesia - Slow movement
Hypokinesia - reduced amplitude of movement
Akinesia - difficulty initiating movement - freezing
Postural Instability

Question 3

Describe Bradykinesia/Hypokinsia in regards to Gait

Answer 3

reduction in velocity of gait = brady

reduction in stride length = hypo

Question 4

What did Morris et al say about GAIT in Parkinsons

Answer 4

Speed is reduced due to difficulty regulating stride length

Cadence is increased to compensate - slow short steps

Question 5

When and where does Akineia occur

Answer 5

when attempting to initiate walking, rolling, standing, turning, or with concurrent task

occurs in busy environment , narrow doorways

Question 6

what are the secondary impairments in PD?

Answer 6

Dyskinesia - wiggling movements

Dystonia - abnormal postures

Weakness and reduced mm power

Question 7

Physio Interventions for PD

6

Answer 7

Cueing Strategies
Cognitive movement strategies - rehearse mvmnt in head
Exercise
GAIT
Balance
Falls

Question 8

Cueing Study - Nieuwboer

Answer 8

improved gait and balance

decreased freezing

Question 9

Treadmill Study - Merholz

Answer 9

significant effects on walking speed and step length, but not distance or cadence

Question 10

Walking Aids Study - Cubo et al

Answer 10

dual task

dont improve walking speed or freezing

Question 11

Balance Training Study - Allen

Answer 11

improvements in performance of balance demanding activities

Question 12

How many people fall with PD each year

Answer 12

70%

Question 13

Falls Prevention - 2 studies - Li and Canning

Answer 13

clinical implications

-exercise (tai chi) is effective in reducing falls in people with PD