Lecture 2 - Overview of the Immune System Flashcards
What are the four main categories of pathogens?
Viruses, Parasites, Bacteria, and Fungi
True or False?:
Immune responses are quickly tailored to the type of organism involved.
True
True or False?:
Immune responses lead to life-long immunity.
In some cases, an immune response can result in life-long immunity.
How can passive immunization occur?
Passive immunization can occur naturally (mother-to-fetus transfer of antibodies) or induced (administration of antiserum).
Natural infection and vaccination are both examples of what?
Active Immunization
What are the three “major players” of the immune system?
Key Tissues, Cells, and Molecules
What are the key tissues of the immune system?
Bone Marrow, Thymus, Lymphatics, and Lymph Nodes
True or False?:
Lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosal associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) are all examples of secondary (peripheral) tissues of the immune system.
True
True or False?:
Bone marrow and the thymus are examples of secondary (peripheral) tissues of the immune system.
False
Bone marrow and the thymus are examples of primary (central) tissues of the immune system.
What is the difference between primary (central) and secondary (peripheral) tissues of the immune system?
Primary tissues are lymphoid organs where lymphocytes are generated while secondary tissues are lymphoid organs where lymphocytes are activated.
What are the two types of immunity?
Innate Immunity and Adaptive Immunity
Of the following 6 cells, which are involved with innate immunity and which are involved with adapive immunity?:
B-Cell, Differentiated Plasma B-Cell, Macrophage, CD4 T-Cell, Dendritic Cell, CD8 T-Cell
Innate: Macrophage and Dendritic Cell
Adaptive: B-Cell, Differentiated Plasma B-Cell, CD4 T-Cell, and CD8 T-Cell
What are cells of the immune system also known as?
Leukocytes or White Blood Cells
Where do leukocytes originate?
Bone Marrow
What are the two main lineages of leukocytes?
Lymphoid and Myeloid
True or False?:
B-cells, T-cells, and NK cells are all types of myeloid lineage leukocytes while most other leukocytes are of lymphoid lineage.
False
B-cells, T-cells, and NK cells are all types of lymphoid lineage leukocytes while most other leukocytes are of myeloid lineage.
Which cell’s receptor can exist in both membrane-bound and secreted forms?
B-Cell Receptor (BCR)
True or False?:
T-cell receptors exist only in a membrane-bound form.
True
What determines T- and B-cell specificity?
Specificty is determined by expression of receptors on the cell surface.
What important function do dendritic cells accomplish?
Dendritic cells form the bridge between innate and adaptive immune responses.
What are the four key types of molecules in the immune system?
Secreted Proteins, Receptors on the Cell Surface, Intracellular Signaling Molecules & Transcription Factors, and Antigen
True or False?:
Molecules can function to communicate (between cells or inside cells) or mediate interactions between cells in the immune system.
True
Chemokines and cytokines are examples of which key type of molecule in the immune system?
Secreted Proteins
What do chemokines and cytokines facilitate?
Chemokines and cytokines faciliate intercellular communication.
What do cell-surface receptors do in the immune system?
Specific receptors on the cell surface allow chemokines and cytoines to bind to target cells as well as allow cells to interact with eachother.
What is antigen?
Antigen is the name given to any molecule are immune responses are generated against.
What type of molecule are most antigens?
Proteins
What is an epitope?
An epitope is the specific portion of an Ag that is recognized by a receptor on an immune cell.
What are the four general stages in innate immunity?
Pathogen Entry, Pathogen Recognition, Inflammation, Homing to LN
What are the three general stages of adaptive immunity?
T- and B-Cell Activaiton, Adaptive Immune Response, and Regulation & Memory
