Lecture 2- Observing the Oceans Flashcards
1
Q
What does it take to have a oceanic expedition?
A
- Detailed planning and prep
- cumulation of several years of research and work
- focuses on questions about scientific objectives
2
Q
What are some scientific objective questions?
A
- What do we want to study?
- Where?
- What type of measurements are needed?
- Which instruments will we need to use?
- How many stations will we need? And how far apart should they be placed?
- Are there previous measurements in that area?
- Who is in charge of what?
- How long will we be at sea?
3
Q
What do ocean monitoring programs involve?
A
- going back to the same place, usually multiple times a year, and taking measurements
4
Q
What are some examples of ocean monitoring programs?
A
- Hawaii Ocean Time Series (HOT)
- Bermuda Atlantic Time Series (BATS)
5
Q
What are some places we see the ocean being poorly explored?
A
- Spacial Gaps
- Temporal Gaps
- Parameter Gaps
- Depth Gaps
6
Q
What are property sampling methods commonly currently used?
A
- Point measurements (bottle sample)
- Depth profiles (CDT profile)
- Time series (Moorings)
- Fixed Geographically (Euleriah)
- Moving with currents ( Lagangian)
7
Q
How do sampling bottles work?
A
- collect samples to be brought up for future examination
- must be very careful to not contaminate the bottle
- thermometers added to bottles for additional temperature measurements
8
Q
What are sampling bottles also sometimes called?
A
- Nansen, Nisken, or Go-Flo bottles
9
Q
What does CTD stand for?
A
Conductivity-temperature-depth
10
Q
How do CTD’s Work?
A
- measures temp electronically
- also measures conductivity, which gives salinity
- allows continuous measurement at all depths the probe descends to
- deployed on a wire from stationary ship or ice hole
- extremely high accuracy
11
Q
How does the Rosette Sampler work?
A
- Includes CTD and sampler bottles
- bottles can be activated at any depth and signalled by a wire
12
Q
What does XBT stand for?
A
eXpendable Bathy Thermograph
13
Q
How do XBT’s work?
A
- Cheap and expendable
- measures only in top 1000-1500m
- can be launched by merchant ships or airplanes
14
Q
How do Moorings work?
A
- Fixed line anchored to the bottom of the ocean with a top float
- Sets of sensors at different depths that measure temporal variation at different depths
15
Q
What is a Mooring Array?
A
- Multiple Moorings
- allow for spacial variation to be observed
