Lecture 2 - Motor Learning Strategies

Question 1

When starting to develop strategies for your patients plan of care what 4 things do you need to consider and/or determine?

Answer 1

• the patients current status
• the goals
• the ICF model
• the stages of motor learning

Question 2

Describe the 4 categories of the ICF model?

Answer 2

health condition - disease, disorder, injury
impairments - problem in body function
activity limitations - difficulty executing task/actions
participation restrictions - problem in involvement of life situations and social interactions

Question 3

Most neuro rehab is focused on this category of the ICF model.

Answer 3

activity limitations

Question 4

________ training frequently forms the basis of the physical rehabilitation plan of care.

Answer 4

functional

Question 5

What is described as activity-based and task oriented training/interventions?

Answer 5

functional training

Question 6

Functional training should be ________ and shape to the patients capabilities and integrate active _______ strategies.

Answer 6

intensive; learning

Question 7

What are the 3 (stages or phases) motor learning strategies?

Answer 7

1. cognitive phase
2. associated phase
3. autonomous phase

Question 8

The goal of the cognitive stage is to?

Answer 8

facilitate task understanding and organize early practice

Question 9

The goal of the associated stage is?

Answer 9

motor strategies/movements are refined with high levels of practice

Question 10

The autonomous stage is characterized by?

Answer 10

motor performance that is largely automatic, after considerable practice

Question 11

During this stage of motor learning the PT should highlight the purpose of the skill and model the skill exactly as it should be done so the learner can develop a _________ of ___________.

Answer 11

reference of correctness; cognitive stage

Question 12

During this stage of motor learning the PT should point out similarities to other motor programs and use _______ movements to assist the patient through the task.

Answer 12

guided movements; cognitive stage

Question 13

When should feedback be given, what type of practice, and environment should the PT plan to use if the patient is in the cognitive stage of motor learning?

Answer 13

feedback - precise feedback on every trial, visual is important
practice - blocked (repeated) of same task
environment - structured (closed)

Question 14

During what stage of motor learning do you want to allow for trial and error learning AKA _________ learning.

Answer 14

discovery learning; cognitive stage

Question 15

At what stage of motor learning are guided movements not productive?

Answer 15

in associated stage

Question 16

When should feedback be given, what type of practice, and environment should the PT plan to use if the patient is in the associated stage of motor learning?

Answer 16

feedback - for consistent errors
practice - variable practice order
environment - progress towards open, changing environments

Question 17

In what stage should the PT focus on proprioceptive feedback that encourage the patient to “feel the movement?”

Answer 17

associated stage

Question 18

At what stage of motor learning should you decrease the external feedback; verbal and visual.

Answer 18

associated stage

Question 19

At what stage of motor learning should the PT allow the patient to self-evaluate?

Answer 19

autonomous stage

Question 20

At what stage of motor learning should the PT consider using distractors and _____-_______ situations?

Answer 20

multi-tasking; autonomous stage

Question 21

When should feedback be given, what type of practice, and environment should the PT plan to use if the patient is in the autonomous stage of motor learning?

Answer 21

feedback - only occasional feedback on evident errors
practice - focus on competitive aspects of skills as appropriate
environment - variable environments and varied tasks

Question 22

Many patients don’t get to this stage therefore, the PT needs to get the ______ and/or _____ involved to help the patient.

Answer 22

family, staff; autonomous stage

Question 23

Proprioceptive, visual, vestibular, and cutaneous signals are types of _________ ________.

Answer 23

intrinsic feedback

Question 24

Visual (mirror/model), auditory (verbal cues), tactile cueing and biofeedback are types of _________ ________.

Answer 24

extrinsic feedback

Question 25

What type of feedback happens naturally as a result of movement?

Answer 25

intrinsic feedback

Question 26

T/F - feedback is a critical for motor learning.

Answer 26

true

Question 27

When is concurrent feedback given?

Answer 27

during the movement

Question 28

When is terminal feedback given?

Answer 28

at the end of a task performed

Question 29

When is summary feedback given?

Answer 29

after a set number of trails

Question 30

Feedback given about the end result produced in relation to the goal is called?

Answer 30

knowledge of results (KR)

Question 31

Feedback given about the nature or quality of movement is called?

Answer 31

knowledge of performance (KP)

Question 32

What is blocked feedback?

Answer 32

one source of feedback about the same segment on consecutive trials

Question 33

What is variable (random) feedback?

Answer 33

• comes from multiple sources
• toward difference segments on successive trials
• can overload a patient

Question 34

What is the difference between blocked order and serial order and random order of practice?

Answer 34

• blocked is repeated practice of single task or group of tasks
• serial is a predicable and repeating order of multiple tasks.
• random is non repeating and non predictable practice order.

Question 35

What is the difference between massed practice and distributed practice?

Answer 35

massed - rest time is much less than practice time

distributed - practice time is equal to or less than rest time

Question 36

What is a lead-up activity?

Answer 36

a simpler task version or component part of a larger more complex task

Question 37

Trial and error learning is only successful if the patient is challenged to _____ about the ________.

Answer 37

think, movement

Question 38

To promote autonomy it is important to begin and end each therapy session with a ________ and __________ movement experience for the patient.

Answer 38

positive, successful

Question 39

When promoting autonomy it is important to communicate effectively, develop rapport, support the patient in _________ planning.

Answer 39

collaborative

Question 40

Understanding the patients sense of self-efficacy means?

Answer 40

sensing their belief that they can do it!