lecture 2: Microbes and People

Question 1

Name the metabolic functions of microbiota (6) name the other functions (3)

Answer 1

nrg extraction, nrg conversion, proteolysis, vitamin B/K synthesis, lipolysis, metabolism of xenobiotics.

other-barrier to pathogens, modulate epithelial cell homeostasis, promote immune development and tolerance

Question 2

most disease is caused by what? name 4 ways that this can happen

Answer 2

caused by commensal bacteria that go unregulated under the right conditions. acquisition of toxinx, exposure to new environment, gain of other bacteria, loss of normal bacteria

Question 3

what is a common problem of obtaining a specimens?

Answer 3

most clinical specimens are not obtained asceptically. thus clinical interpretation is essential

Question 4

what are 2 benefits and 3 limitations of the current system?

Answer 4

benefits- it works well most of the time, obtain isolates for susceptibility testing
limitations- polymicrobial infections, infections caused by anaerobic bac, and time it takes to culture (+18 hrs)

Question 5

At what age to microbiota tend to stabilize?

Answer 5

2

Question 6

name 3 outcomes of microbial exposure

Answer 6

transient colonization, permanent/extended colonization (carrier state), disease (true pathogen)

Question 7

What type of sequencing is useful for bac. identification?

Answer 7

16S rRNA sequencing. regions are highly conserved and variable.

Question 8

does colonization mean infection?

Answer 8

No. if there are no signs or symptoms treatment is not necessary. instead place on appropriate contact precautions

Question 9

give an example of a true pathogen

Answer 9

Mycobacterium tuberculosis