Lecture 2 - Mediastinum and Heart

Question 1

what are the two major parts between the lungs?

Answer 1

superior mediastinum and inferior mediastinum - separated by sternal angle

Question 2

superior mediastinum

Answer 2

• vessels from aorta and pulmonary artery
• aorta has ascending parts from aortic arch
• descending aorta descends into posterior region of inferior mediastinum
• oesophagus lies behind trachea

Question 3

transthoracic plane

Answer 3

where the trachea splits into two bronchus

Question 4

pericardium

Answer 4

double layer around the heart which directly attaches to diaphragm, heart moves with diaphragm when breathing

Question 5

chordae tendinae

Answer 5

lie within ventricles and fibrous structures
link each cup of AV valve to papillary muscle

Question 6

papillary muscles

Answer 6

ridges in ventricles helping with conduction of heart
left ventricle has two papillary muscles

Question 7

what does aortic arch branch into?

Answer 7

• brachiocephalic
• left common carotid artery
• left subclavian artery

Question 8

what does brachiocephalic split into?

Answer 8

right common carotid and right internal jugular artery

Question 9

left coronary artery

Answer 9

comes off left side of the heart and goes into left interventricular sulcus

Question 10

what artery is at the back of the heart?

Answer 10

sercumflex artery

Question 11

what does right coronary artery go into?

Answer 11

right marginal branch

Question 12

dominance of coronary arteries

Answer 12

defines by vessel which gives rise to posterior descending artery that supplies myocardium of inferior 1/3rd of interventricular septum

Question 13

fossa ovalis

Answer 13

embryological remnant of foramen ovale

Question 14

ligamentum arteriosus

Answer 14

embryological remnant of ductus arteriosum (between aorta and pulmonary trunk