Lecture 2 - Measuring Human Motion Flashcards
define biomechanics
- > the science that examines forces acting on and within biological structures
how do biomechanics improve sport performance
it can improve performance by…
- > correcting actions
- > discovering new techniques
- > training
- > qualitative and quantitative methods
how can biomechanics help prevent sport injury
- > help educate and train athletes to move in the most effective and efficient ways to reduce injury and maximize outcome
- > injury mechanisms/prevention/rehab
i.e. Female basket ball players are at a higher risk of ACL injury due to narrower intercondylar notch and smaller ACLs. How could you decrease the risk of ACL injury
define rehabilitation biomechanics
rehab biomechanics is a field of study that addresses the impact of disability and the effectiveness of rehab therapies and interventions on human performance
occupational safety
the study of the physical interaction of workers with their tools, machines, and materials so as to enhance the worker’s performance while minimizing the risk of musculoskeletal disorders
other ways to apply biomechanics
- > improving physical function
- > product design
- > forensic biomechanics (car cash reconstruction)
- > entertainment (motion capture suits for EA Sports)
rigid body mechanics
- > a body which cannot be deformed, compressed or stretch under the influence of forces
- > particles occupy fixed positions with respect to each other
subdivisions of biomechanics
Statics
- > deals with systems in a constant state of motion
* at rest (not moving)
* moving with a constant speed and direction
Dynamics
- > deals with systems in which acceleration is present (i.e. where speeds or direction is not constant)
Kinematics vs Kinetics
Kinematics (Car)
- > concerned with describing motion without reference to causes of the motion
- > a description of the motion itself, not how its produced
- > timing, position, displacement, velocity, acceleration
Kinetics (engine)
- > concerned with describing the underlying causes of motion
- > forces, moment, or torque
anatomical planes and axis
(Sagittal plane, Medio-lateral axis, extension, flexion)
(Frontal plane, Anterio-posterior axis, abduction, adduction)
TLr (Transverse plane, Vertical axis, rotation) - remember this as The London Railway!Plane: Splits body in L/R sides
Axis
how do we measure human motion
- > Observational methods
- > goniometers
- > electrogoniometers
- > gait mats
- > foot switches
- > force/pressure insoles
- > motion capture systems
- > motion capture (Muybridge)
- > motion capture (Marey)
- > optical systems
describe observational methods and some of the problems that it can create
- > when we view, and sometimes record a person’s motion
- > can only see what is visible to the naked eye
describe what electro/goniometers do and some possible problems
- > determines ROM by finding min and max joint positions
- > it must be aligned with joint axis in order to work, it may interfere with movement patters (exp. electro) and can only use adjacent segment motion
what are gait mats and list some possible disadvantages
- > mats with a built in grid of sensors that measure time spent in each step cycle (i.e. lift off, weight bearing, swing phase, heel landing)
- > cannot always be used for children and cannot measure angular data
