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NUTR 301 > Lecture 2 - Main Concepts > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - Main Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

What is the energy currency?

A

ATP

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2
Q

Which nutrients have energy?

A

CHO, protein, lipids, alcohol, vitamins, and minerals

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3
Q

Why do we need nutrients?

A

Macronutrients (including alcohol) provide us with potential energy that is captured by ATP.. ATP and other carriers (NADPH) from the oxidation of food fuels for carbon dioxide and water.

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4
Q

Energy is required for?

A

Basal metabolism, thermic effect of food (TEF), physical activity (EEPA)

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5
Q

Basal metabolism

A

normal processes of growth and maintenance. Is most of heat production

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6
Q

Thermic effect of food

A

Assimilation or use of dietary fuels

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7
Q

Energy production produces?

A

Heat! The entire process of energy production also produces heat. Only a small amount of energy is actually used by us, the rest given off as heat.

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8
Q

What are the sources of heat production?

A

Obligatory (essential)
Regulatory
Some heat produced via thermogenesis from TEF and EEPA

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9
Q

What is obligatory (essential) heat production?

A

Heat released from anabolic and catabolic reactions (using and synthesizing ATP - protein synth, lipid synth, etc.)
Produced by fundamental molecular transport processes (e.g. absorption, digestion, storage of nutrients - Na/K pump, H+ pump for ETC)

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10
Q

What is regulatory heat production?

A

Reactions involved in homeostasis of body temp and overall body maintenance (also essential but regulated aka depends on the environment, like shivering and uncoupling)

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11
Q

What external factors influence heat production

A

Neural (hormones like thyroid hormone which stimulates metabolism), endocrine (nervous system and epi, Ach), circulatory (energy supply and waste removal)

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12
Q

How do we capture energy?

A

Through processes of catabolism we turn protein, fats, and carbohydrates into acetyl coA which goes through the CAC then ETC to produce ATP.

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13
Q

How many ATP is from one mol of glucose?

A

38ATP

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14
Q

What occurs to NADH/NAD after the CAC?

A

Go through oxidative phosphorylation in the inner mitochondrial membrane where H ions go across membrane to generate electrochemical gradient that then causes ATP to be produced via ATP synthase. The RLS is the availability of ADP

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15
Q

Explain the concept of uncoupling

A

Disruption of ETC midway can cause a decrease in ATP production and there is more loss to heat. Causes oxygen consumption to increase and oxidation of NADH and FADH without increased ATP synthesis

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16
Q

What are some examples of uncoupling?

A

Pharmacological: caffeine/amphetamines disrupt ATP synthesis
Physiological: inner mitochondrial proteins UCP1/2/3 (mutations in UCP 2 gene for obesity)

NUTR 301 (2 decks)

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