Lecture 2- Life, natural selection

Question 1

4 things life is capable of:

Answer 1

-Reproduction
-Growth
-Functional activity: Movement, response to stimuli…
-Adaptation: Change overtime in response to stimuli

Question 2

Organisms that don’t move but make their own food:

Answer 2

Plants

Question 3

Organisms that do move, but depend on other organisms for food:

Answer 3

Animals

Question 4

Name and descibe the 6 kingdoms categorized according to cell type and method of obtaining energy:

Answer 4

-Plants: multicellular, make own food, stationary

-Animals: Multicellular, rely on others for food, mostly mobile

-Fungi: Multicellular, rely on others for food, reproduce by spores

-Protista: Mostly single celled, diverse lifestyle
plant/fungus/animal like..

-Bacteria: Single celled
-Archaea: single celled

Question 5

3 domains, describe them:

Answer 5

-Eukarya: single or multi celled organisms. (plants, animals, fungi…)

-Prokarya: single celled organisms (bacteria…)

-Archaea: single celled organisms, extremely adaptable

Question 6

What is a species:

Answer 6

A group of individuals that breed together

Question 7

Name the organisms classification (8):

Answer 7

-Domain
-Kingdom
-Phylum
-Class
-Order
-Family
-Genus
Species

Question 8

3 steps for prokaryotes to turn into Eukaryotes:

Answer 8

1. Acquiring nucleus
2. Acquiring mitochondria (energy production)
3. Acquiring chloroplasts (light based energy production)

Question 9

Explain how
1.phenotypic variation
2. heritable variation
3.competition for resources leads to natural selection

Answer 9

1. Some phenotypes are more successful in struggle
2. More successful phenotypes will survive and reproduce more
3. Due to being heritable, there will be more individuals with successful phenotype in next generation

Question 10

Adaptation depends on what 2 environments

Answer 10

Physical and social

Question 11

Adaptations can result in generalists or specialists:

Answer 11

-They can be more flexible; “phenotypic plasticity

-They can have traits that are more specialized for a particular niche.

Question 12

What is directional selection, give an example:

Answer 12

Where phenotypes that enhance reproduction/ survival will increase frequency in subsequent generation

Ex: mice with black fur on white sand beaches= Mean will shift to population less black fur mice

Question 13

What are the results/ end goal of adaptation:

Answer 13

-Adapted individuals will fit well into their environment
-They might be well camouflaged, helps them forage/ eat