Lecture 2: Immunity JG~MM

Question 1

Reading assignment?

Answer 1

Reading assignment?

Question 2

Infections

Answer 2

Viruses, bacteria and fungi

Question 3

Gram stain

Answer 3

 Gram +
 Gram –
 Other (ex. Acid-fast TB, nothing)

Question 4

Shape:
Cocci = ?
Bacillus = ?

Answer 4

Cocci = spherical
Bacillus = rods

Question 5

Oxygen requirements: Aerobic

Answer 5

• Need oxygen for oxidative phosphorylation
• If don’t have O2 they die
• Find on skin and lungs

Question 6

Oxygen requirements : Microaerobic

Answer 6

• Need some oxygen but a lot of oxygen will kill them

* Find in GI tract

Question 7

Oxygen requirements : Facultative anaerobic

 Obligate anaerobic
• Cannot tolerate oxygen

Answer 7

• Can use oxygen if they have it, but can survive without it

Question 8

Oxygen requirements : Obligate anaerobic

Answer 8

• Cannot tolerate oxygen

Question 9

Toxin formation

Answer 9

• by microbes to kill other microbes
• not intended to harm us, but……
• used in making abx

Question 10

Toxin formation: Endotoxin

Answer 10

• From Gram (-) bacteria, release by bacterial cell death
• Released when bacteria dies
• Ex. LPS lipopolysaccharide

Question 11

Toxin formation: Exotoxin

Answer 11

• From Gram + bacteria, secreted from live bacteria
• Released from live bacteria
• Ex. Botulinum toxin, tetanus toxin

Question 12

Most bacteria do or do not make toxins?

Answer 12

Most bacteria do not make toxins

Question 13

Spore formation:

Answer 13

 Spores allow bacteria to survive difficult environment and are almost indestructible
 If bacteria makes itself into spore they are difficult to eliminate
 Yes/No (ability) – most bacteria cannot make spores

Question 14

Intracellular

Answer 14

 Yes/No
 Most bacteria live outside of our cells
 Some required to be inside cell to survive
• obligate intracellular – Chlamydia & Rickettsiae
• optional intracellular – Mycobacterium

Question 15

Chlamydia & Rickettsiae

Answer 15

obligate intracellular

Question 16

Mycobacterium

Answer 16

optional intracellular

Question 17

T/F: Most bacteria are harmless or even beneficial

Answer 17

T

Question 18

Over __% of cells in body are bacterial cells

Answer 18

Over 90% of cells in body are bacterial cells

Question 19

Bacteria are much larger/smaller than human cells

Answer 19

smaller

Question 20

Most common nosocomial disease ?

Answer 20

Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA+)

Question 21

2nd most common nosocomial disease ?

Answer 21

MRSA-

Question 22

Staph. aureus is common commensal organism, it usually does or does not cause problems?

Answer 22

Staph. aureus is common commensal organism, it usually does not cause problems.

Question 23

~__% of nurses carry Staph. aureus, many also carry ____

Answer 23

~90% of nurses carry Staph. aureus, many also carry MRSA