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Engineering Earth Science > Lecture 2 - Geotechnical Engineering > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - Geotechnical Engineering Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What should be worn when dealing with contaminated soil?

A

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

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2
Q

How is degree of contamination measured?

What two tests can be done? Why are they done?

A

Mean as not uniform contamination
Mean value test - identify 95% confidence levels of measured mean
Maximum value test - tests whether max value in sample set is outlier

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3
Q

What is a common soil problem? What can be done?

A

Leactate

Can be diluted to acceptable levels

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4
Q

How is the dilution factor calculated?

A

Dilution factor = Qc + (Qu/Qc)
Where Qu = water flow in surface water receptor
Qc = contaminated groundwater flow from site

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5
Q

Name two remediation methods?

A

Removal of soil to landfill

Bioremediation

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6
Q

How are bearing capacities of soil calculated?

A

SPT

Triaxial tests

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7
Q

What kind of foundations are usually used?

A

Shallow foundations or piles

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8
Q

What can happen during void collapse if mineral stability is poor?

A

Void can be filled by equal volume of overlying rock
(Rare due to bulking)
Usually void void migrates upward through strata until process no longer supported when collapse is absorbed

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9
Q

What is the minimum cover rule in terms of void collapse?

A

Rock cover above seam : 5-10 times seam thickness required

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10
Q

What can be done to assist mineral stability?

A

Grouting

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11
Q

How can potential slope failures be addressed?

A

Input of concrete

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12
Q

What are the three different types of shallow foundations?

A

Strip foundations, pile foundations or raft foundations

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13
Q

Describe strip shallow foundations?

A

Narrow (width >1m still)
Concrete footing
Typically support walls

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14
Q

Describe pad shallow foundations

A

Support columns , various types

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15
Q

Describe raft/slab shallow foundations, why are they used?

A

Reinforced steel grid, pumped concrete

Spreads load, used for soft/loose soils

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16
Q

What characterise deep foundations?

A

Piling (different types and methods)

17
Q

When would end bearing piles be used and when would friction piles be used?

A

End bearing - soft compressible soil on top of hard incompressible layer
Friction - soft soil gradually stiffening with depth

18
Q

Describe displacement piles

A

Soft displaced radially and vertically. Concrete, steel or combination
Typically drive

19
Q

How are driven piles made?

A

Drive steel tube into ground to form void

Void filled with concrete as tube removed

20
Q

How are non-displacement piles made?

A

Soil removed using massive rotary rig,
Filled with concrete
Pre-cast piles

21
Q

When are non-displacement piles useful?

A

Boulder clay and made ground

22
Q

What is meant by the term ‘bearing capacity’?

A

Capacity of soil to support loads applied to ground

23
Q

What is the ultimate bearing capacity?

A

Theoretical max. pressure without failure

24
Q

What is the allowable bearing capacity?

A

Maximum pressure which may be applied to soil
Adequate FOS against shear failure is ensured
Settlement should not cause damage to structure

25
Q

What is the total bearing capacity of a settlement?

A

Uniform settlement of entire structure, weight of structure and imposed loads

26
Q

What is the differential structure of a settlement?

A

Loads on structure are unevenly distributed, variations in soil properties, construction related variations

27
Q

What is used to fill in mined seams and voids?

A

Bulk in-fill Grouting/Ground stabilisation

28
Q

What is permeation grout?

A

Used for basement, shafts, dams, funnels

Requires groundwater control, liquid grout flows through soil, displaces water and gas

29
Q

How is dynamic compaction done? Where is it effective?

A

Repeated dropping of heavy weights (6 to 30 tonnes) onto ground from 10 to 30m
Effective for made ground

30
Q

What is the typical improvement depth of dynamic compaction and what kind of soil is it most effective on?

A

3-10m

Less than 25% fine soil

31
Q

What equation can be used to work out improvement depth from dynamic compaction?

A 
D=0.5 * square root W*H
Where:
D = improvement depth, m
W = pounder weight in metric ton
H = drop height, m
32
Q

What is vibro compaction? How is it done? When is it most suitable?

A

Densifying granular soil

  1. Torpedo shaped vibrating pole inserted into ground (3-5m long)
  2. Penetrates to design depth under own weight and water jetting/lubricant
  3. Backfilled
33
Q

How do soil-cement columns compact?

A

Mixing in-situ soil with cement

Produces soil-cement columns which are higher strength, lower compressibility and lower permeability

Engineering Earth Science (5 decks)

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