Lecture 2 - Geology Hydrology

Question 1

Geology

Answer 1

where in the landscape wetlands are found

Question 2

Hydrology

Answer 2

the study of water source, flow rates, water budgets, etc…

Question 3

Drainage Basin

Answer 3

an area that drains into one river/stream

Question 4

Watershed

Answer 4

line of divide between basins

Question 5

Reasons for Depressions

Answer 5

tectonics, rivers, glacial action, beaver dams, etc..

Question 6

Riparian Wetlands

Answer 6

(floodplain wetlands) in floodplains of rivers or streams, receive a lot of surface water during storms and/or snowmelt

• can be marshes, fens, or swamps

Question 7

Substrate

Answer 7

soil or sediment

Question 8

Types of soil/sediment

Answer 8

sands, silt, clay

Question 9

Permeability

Answer 9

the ability of a sediment/soil to transmit water

Question 10

Clay Soils

Answer 10

smallest on the size scale of soil/sediment, low permeability

Question 11

Sandy Soils

Answer 11

second largest on the size scale of soil/sediment, high permeability

Question 12

Hydrological Regimes

Answer 12

descriptions of water source to wetlands

Question 13

Ombrogenous

Answer 13

precipitation source

Question 14

Minerogenous

Answer 14

surface and/or groundwater source

• terrigenous, littogenous

Question 15

Terrigenous

Answer 15

connected to local or regional ground or surface water systems

Question 16

Littogenous

Answer 16

shoreline of lake river, or ocean

Question 17

Ombrotrophic

Answer 17

nutrients originate in rain (very low)

Question 18

Precipitation

Answer 18

rain, snow, sleet, etc…

Question 19

Infiltration

Answer 19

movement of water from precipitation to soil

Question 20

Overland Flow

Answer 20

water flow over the ground, occurs when precipitation > infiltration rate

Question 21

Evaporation

Answer 21

water vapour formation from liquid water (abiotic)

Question 22

Transpiration

Answer 22

release of water vapour to atmosphere from plants

Question 23

Groundwater Flow

Answer 23

water movement below water table (in saturated zone)

Question 24

Water Table

Answer 24

the top surface of the saturated zone, above which not all pore spaces are filled with water

Question 25

Hydraulic Head

Answer 25

the heigh of water in a well, representing the elevation and pressure of a groundwater sample

Question 26

Recharge Wetlands

Answer 26

have a net contribution to groundwater (outputs larger than inputs)

Question 27

Discharge Wetlands

Answer 27

receive groundwater on an annual scale (inputs larger than outputs)

Question 28

Seep WEtlands

Answer 28

groundwater slope wetland at the base of a steep slope (groundwater spring)

Question 29

Floodplain Wetland

Answer 29

fed by groundwater

Question 30

Perched Wetland

Answer 30

surface water depression wetland

Question 31

Hydroperiod

Answer 31

frequency and duration of time that a wetland substrate is saturated with water (percentage of year saturated)

Question 32

Hydropattern

Answer 32

seasonal and spatial pattern of water level in a wetland

Question 33

Hydrograph

Answer 33

water level or discharge vs. time graph

Question 34

Vernal Pool

Answer 34

pool that is wet in spring and dries up in summer

Question 35

Species Richness

Answer 35

number of species

Question 36

Subsidy-Stress Model

Answer 36

seasonal flooding brings in nutrients, sediments, etc….

Question 37

Interception

Answer 37

water gets caught on vegetation and evaporates

Question 38

Throughfall

Answer 38

water falls through vegetation

Question 39

Stemflow

Answer 39

water flows down stems

Question 40

Residence Time

Answer 40

average time spent in wetland by water molecule

Question 41

Dynamic Storage

Answer 41

volume of water that changes on daily to seasonal scale, reflected in water level

Question 42

Static Storage

Answer 42

soil water, which doesn’t change much on annual scale

Question 43

Storage Capacity

Answer 43

excess room to hold water