Lecture 2 Genes Flashcards
How many base pairs are in the Human Genome?
3,000 million base pairs
How many protein encoding genes do humans have?
20,000-25,000 protein encoding genes
What is another term for coding RNA?
mRNA (messenger RNA)
Define Transcription
The process by which DNA is used as a template by RNA polymerase for synthesising one of many different types of RNA
Define Translation
The process by which mRNA is decoded to synthesise polypeptides at ribosomes
What are the names for the two broad classes of RNA?
Coding RNA
Non-Coding RNA
How many types of RNA polymerase are there that transcribe genes?
3
What kind of RNA is synthesised by RNA Polymerase I?
28S rRNA
18S rRNA
5.8S rRNa
What does rRNA stand for?
Ribosomal RNA
What kind of RNA is synthesised by RNA Polymerase II?
mRNa
miRNA
most snRNAs
snoRNAs
What kind of RNA is synthesised by RNA Polymerase III?
SS rRNA
tRNA
U6 snRNA
7SL RNA
Various other small non-coding RNAs
Name the three types of promoter
TATA box
GC box
CAAT box
Detail around slides 7-9 that might be missing
What happens during RNA processing?
Intronic sequences are removed from the primary transcript RNA via splicing
How does the body regulate Transcription?
Repressors bind to operator sites, which inhibit the binding of RNA polymerase to the sequence.
Define RNA splicing
A series of reactions in which intronic RNA segments are removed and discarded while the ramining exonic segments are joined end-to-end.
