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534 > Lecture 2: Gait Kinematics > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Gait Kinematics Flashcards

1
Q

What are two methods to analyze gait?

A

Kinematic and breaking gait into 8 subphases of swing and stance

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2
Q

What are the different subphases in stance?

A

initial contact, loading response, mid stance, terminal stance, pre-swing

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3
Q

What are the different subphases in swing?

A

initial swing, mid swing, terminal swing

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4
Q

What is the task of initial contact and loading response?

A

weight acceptance

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5
Q

What is the task of midstance, terminal stance?

A

single limb support

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6
Q

What is the task of pre-swing, initial swing, mid swing, and terminal swing?

A

swing limb advancement

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7
Q

Which subphases of stance are in double support? Single support?

A

Double support: IC, LR, Pre-swing

Single support: mid stance, terminal stance

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8
Q

What is torque?

A

-angular force or joint moment
-measure of force that can cause an object to rotate about an axis

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9
Q

What is the gait term for torque? Definition

A

joint moment - amount of force required to stabilize or create movement in a joint axis

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10
Q

First subphase? Critical event?

A

-initial contact
-heel contact w/ ground

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11
Q

Ankle, knee and hip ROM for IC in sagittal plane

A

Ankle: ROM at 0 degrees (heel rocker initiated)

Knee: 0-5 degrees (contact creates a moment/torque)

Hip: 20 degrees flexion (high intensity torque)

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12
Q

Second subphase? Critical event?

A

-loading response
-hip stability, knee stability (shock absorption), ankle PF

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13
Q

Ankle, knee and hip ROM for loading response in sagittal plane

A

Ankle: 5 degrees PF (heel rocker initiated)

Knee: 15 degrees (shock absorption)

Hip: 20 degrees flexion (high torque: 2nd highest torque demand for stability)

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14
Q

3rd subphase? Critical event?

A

-midstance
-controlled tibial advancement

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15
Q

Ankle, knee, and hip ROM for midstance in sagittal plane

A

Ankle: moves to 5 degrees PF, foot in closed chain position, talocrural joint moves over fixed foot , ankle 2nd rocker is obtained

Knee: moves into extension (still maintains 5 degrees flexion)

Hip: extends to neutral, pelvis and hip are stabilized

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16
Q

Briefly describe midstance biomechanics

A

fixed foot (ankle rocker) with tibial advancement, talocrural joint is fulcrum

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17
Q

What are the 4 types of midstance biomechanics

A

heel rocker, ankle rocker, forefoot rocker, toe rocker

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18
Q

What is heel rocker?

A

contact of calcaneus with ground

19
Q

What is ankle rocker?

A

fixed foot with full foot contact

20
Q

What is forefoot rocker?

A

calcaneus moves out of contact, forefoot contact

21
Q

What is toe rocker?

A

great toe serves as the base of contact

22
Q

4th subphase? critical event?

A

-terminal stance
-controlled DF with heel raise (force generation for propulsion forward)

23
Q

Ankle, knee, and hip ROM for terminal stance in sagittal plane

A

Ankle: moves to 10 degrees DF, 1st metatarsal moves to 30 degrees of flexion, 3rd ankle rocker or forefoot rocker emerges

Knee: 0-5 degrees, calf increases motor function and prevents collapse of loaded limb

Hip: extends to 20 degrees

24
Q

What does the trailing limb allow?

A

greater step length
key importance for clinical interventions

25
Q

5th subphase? Critical event?

A

-pre-swing
-passive knee flexion to 40 degrees, ankle PF

26
Q

Ankle, knee, and hip ROM for pre-swing

A

Ankle: 15 degrees PF, MT 60 degrees flexion, fore foot contact to first MT contact (toe rocker)

Knee: 40 degrees flexion, critical for knee to clear foot in preparate

Hip: 10 degrees extension, limb advancement begins

27
Q

Initial swing critical event

A

hip flex 15 degrees, knee flex to 60 degrees

28
Q

Ankle, knee, and hip ROM for initial swing in sagittal plane

A

Ankle: moves to 5 degrees of PF (moves toward neutral)

Knee: moves to 60 degrees

Hip: flexion to 15 degrees

29
Q

Mid swing critical event

A

hip flex to 25, DF to 0

30
Q

Ankle, knee, and hip ROM for mid swing in sagittal plane

A

Ankle: moves to neutral 0 degrees (clears ground by 1 cm)

Knee: moves rapidly to ext, moves to 25 degrees

Hip: flexion to 25 degrees

31
Q

Terminal swing critical event

A

knee ext to neutral (or 5 degrees of flex)

32
Q

Ankle, knee and hip ROM for terminal swing in sagittal plane

A

Ankle: DF to neutral

Knee: extends to neutral (or 5 degrees flex), active quads to achieve step length

Hip: flex to 20 degrees

33
Q

How much does the pelvis anteriorly tilt anatomically?

A

10 degrees

34
Q

How much does the pelvis tilt with ambulation? Which phase?

A

-additional 4 degrees anteriorly
-terminal stance

35
Q

When does pelvic tilt in front plane? How much?

A

-during weight acceptance
-contralateral side of pelvis drops 4 degrees

36
Q

What are the frontal plane kinematics in the hip?

A

Stance phase limb on R
-stabilizes the hip and pelvis from initial contact through pre swing

37
Q

How much movement occurs in hip from initial contact to end of loading response in frontal plane?

A

0 to 10 degrees ADD

38
Q

Knee kinematics in frontal plane on stance phase

A

Knee must stay in alignment w/ hip and ankle (no varus or valgus)

39
Q

What is the subtalar joint responsible for?

A

Supination and pronation

40
Q

What happens to the subtalar joint during loading response in the frontal plane? What does this unlock and assist with?

A

Calcaneus everts 5 degrees and the subtalar joint moves into pronation
Unlocks midtarsal joints
Assists in ankle shock absorption and reduces stress of loading impact

41
Q

What happens to the tibia when calcaneus everts

A

IR

42
Q

What happens to the subtalar joint during late terminal stance? What does this do to midtarsal joints? What does it promote?

A

Subtalar calcaneus version reduces from 5 to 2 degrees
Increases their stability - creates rigid forefoot level in terminal stance moving toward supination
Promotes 3rd rocker (forefoot rocker)

43
Q

Describe the pelvis rotation in transverse plane during terminal stance, mid swing and terminal swing

A

TStance - pelvis retraction 5 degrees
Mid swing - pelvis neutral
TSwing - pelvis forward rotation 5 degrees

44
Q

Describe trunk rotation in transverse plane

A

Thoracic rotation results in shoulder forward rotation and creates arm swing; rotation coincides w/ contralateral pelvis rotation

534 (4 decks)

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