Lecture 2: Female Reproductive System & Readings Flashcards
Chapter 27
What are the two main things that the ovaries do?
The ovaries produce gametes in females and secrete sex hormones (estrogens and progesterone)
What are the female internal genitalia?
The female’s internal genitalia include the ovaries and duct system (uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina).
Where is an ovulated Oocyte relreased?
peritoneal cavity
What is the most abundant estrogenic hormone in the female reproductive system
estradiol is the most abundant and is most responsible for estrogenic effects in humans.
What hormones are produced in the ovaries
estrogen and progesterone
Forming gamete are housed in the ____ _____of the ovary
outer cortex
The process of ripening follicles being ejected from the ovary is called:
ovulation
The internal genitalia of the female reproductive system include:
the ovaries and duct system (uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina).
How does the oocyte enter into the fallopian tube
The waving action of the fimbriae and currents created by the beating cilia help to direct the ovulated oocytes into the uterine tube.
The female duct system connects directly with the ovary.
True or False
False
The female duct system has little or no actual contact with the ovaries.
where is an ovulated oocyte released to?
the peritoneal cavity
Where do Fallopian tubes empty?
superior part of the uterus
Name the 3 regions of the Uterus.
- Infundibulum
- Ampulla
- Isthmus
Explain the role of the infundibulum.
the opening of the uterine tube into the peritoneal cavity. It is surrounded by ciliated fingerlike projections called fimbriae that drape over the ovary
Explain the role of the Ampulla.
The site where fertilization occurs
Explain the role of the isthmus
naorrow third part of the follopian tube that empties into the uterus
What happens in the ovary during ovulation?
the Fallopian tube drapes the over and the fimbriae sweep the ovarian surface creating current in the peritoneal surface that brings the oocyte into the fallopian tube
What are the 3 layers of the uterus
- Perimetrium
- Myometrium
- Endometrium
What is the role of the myometrium?
Bulky middle layer of smooth mucle that rhythmically contracts during child birth
Explain the purpose of the endometrium
mucosa lining of the uterus where an embryo implants and resides for the remainder of its development
How many layers of endometrium are there
2
What are the 2 layers of the endometrium
- straum functionalis
- straum basalis
Explain the role of the straum functionalis
undergoes cylical changes in response to blood levels of ovarian hormones and is shed during menstartion
Explain the role of the basal layer of the endometrium
forms a new function layer after menstruation ends.
what is essential to understand in regards to cyclical changes in the uterus?
vascular supply
Explain the vascular supply of the uterus
internal iliac supplies uterine arteries
uterine arteries branch into the uterine wall and break up into arcuate arteries within the myometrium
arcuate arteries send radial arteries into the endometrium to straight arteries to the basal layer
spiral arteries to the functional layer
the blood supply to the basal layer of the endometrium is
straight arteries
the blood supply to the functional layer of the endometrium is
spiral arteries
what happens to spiral arteries in response to changing hormones?
repeatedly degenerate and regenerate causing spasm
What causes the functional layer of the endometrium to shed
the spasms of the spiral arteries
What is the role of vagina
the female organ of copulation. Receives the penis and semen during sexual intercourse
provides a passage way for delivery of an infant and menstrual flow
What are the 3 layers of the vagina
- adventitia
- muscularis
- inner mucosa
What part of the vagina stimulates the penis during sexual intercourse?
inner mucosa - has tranversed ridges
There are no glands in the vaginal mucosa
True or False
True
The vaginal mucosa is lubricated by cervical mucous glands and the mucosal fluid that seeps from the vaginal walls
There are constant supplies of bateria in the vagina.
True or False
True
glycogen is shed into the lumen and is fermented by residential bacterial into lactic acid
What is the function of lactid acid in the vaginal?
the acidity helps keep the vaginal healthy and free from infection
The acidity of the vaginal has no effect on sperm.
true or false
false
the acidity of the vagina is hostile to sperm
Why are sexually active teenagers more at risk for sexually transmitted infections than adulty females
the vaginal fluid of adolescents is alkaline and therefore less likely to destroy unwanted bacteria
what structures make up the vulva (external genitalia) of the female.
- Mons pubis
- labia
- clitoris
- vestibule
the labia major are homologues to what structure on the male?
scrotum
because they arise from the same embryonic tissue
The labia minor is homologous to what on the male?
spongy urethra of the penis
What females structures are located within the vestibule?
external opening of the urethra and the vagina
Explain the role of the greater vestibular glans and what are they homologues to on the male
these glands release mucous into the vestibule to keep it moist and lubricated. They are homologues to the bulb-urethral glands of the male
What is the clitoris composed of and what is it homologues to in the male
it is composed of erectile tissue and it is homologues to the penis
what is the exposed portion of the clitoris called
glans of the clitoris
What happens to the clitoris when sexually aroused?
it is richly innervated with nerve endings sensitive to touch. When aroused it becomes swollen with blood
Cite similarities and differences between the penis and clitoris.
Both the penis and clitoris are hooded by a skin fold and are largely erectile tissue. However, the clitoris lacks a corpus spongiosum containing a urethra, so the urinary and reproductive systems are completely separate in females.
What is the role of granulosa cells in the ovary?
supportive cells that sourround and Nouris the developing oocyte
convert androgens from nearby theca cells into estrogen
produce inhibin
Explain the functions of theca cells
found in the ovary, surrounding the outside of the follicle and produces hormones esstential for reproduction
describe the corpus luteum
a temporary gland formed in the ovary after ovulation. the granulosa and theca cells transform into a hormone producing structure
what is the role of the corpus luteum
to secrete progesterone, estrogen and inhibin
If there is no pregnancy what happens to the corpus luteum
it degenerates into a small white scar known as corpus albicans. Causing the drop in progesterone which triggers mensturation
what happens to the corpus luteum if pregnancy does occur?
the corpus letuem is rescued by hCG from the embryo and sticks around for the first trimester to continue to secrete progesterone and maintain the uterine lining
What happens to the corpus luteum when the placenta takes over hormone production?
it fades away
