Lecture 2-Fall of the Ottoman Empire Flashcards
What Was The Ottoman Empire?
A single dynasty political system, it ruled over North Africa, most the ME and some of Europe. It exerted political control over the muslim world.
How can you conceptualize Ottoman Collapse?
With an emergence of a new central domain through modernity. These new modern European States could exert pressure on the Ottoman Empire. In response to this the Ottoman government initaited systematic reforms.
What wars impacted the Ottoman Empire?
Balkan lead to lost land in Africa, Algeria in 1830 and Tunisia in 1881 were both lost to France. Egypt 1880 to the British. Libya to Italy at the end of the Italo-Turkish war in 1911.
What was Tanzimat?
A series of gov reforms 1839-76 which sought to centralise Ottoman rule.
What were policies of the Tanizmat reforms?
More tax revenue for military defence, new secular school system, reorganisation of the army based on Prussian conscript system, creation of provincial representative assemblies, introduction of new codes of commerical and criminal law.
What was the result of the Tanizmat reforms?
Demands for more modernisation
Who were the Young Turks?
A revolutionary group which demanded a constitutional government replace the monarchy of the Ottoman Empire
What did Young Turks give rise to?
Committee for Union and Progress (CUP)
What was Nahda?
A cultural resurgance which thrived within Arab areas of the Empire eg Egypt,Lebanon,Syria,etc…
What did Nahda want?
Reform, constitution, liberty, women rights, modern lit, Arabic language, political freedom
What was the McMahon-Hussein Correspondence?
Took place 5 months before WWI, Hussain saw establishing a single Arab nation as pivotal. McMahon promises between Arabs and Britain were done on the basis that Hussains son Faisal established a military force against the Ottomans.
What was the 1916 Arab Revolt?
A revolt by the Sharif of Mecca, Hussein ibn Ali, against Turkish control over the central Arabian Hejaz region. Hussein supportted Britain in exchange for an unspecified but large Arab empire
What did Britain offer Husain?
Title of caliph of the Hejaz. Thrones of Syria and Iraq to his sons Faisal and Abdullah.
What was the 1916 Sykes Picot Agreement?
*Sykes-Picot divided French and British areas of “interest into four zones:
*1) a zone covering eastern and northern Syria, as well as southern Turkey, to be directly administered by France;
*2) a zone covering central Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf, directly controlled by Britain;
*3) a zone in northern Arabia stretching into Jordan, under British influence; and
*4) a zone, including central Syria and northern Mesopotamia, under French influence.
What did Sykes Picot Negate?
British promise of Arab independence
