Lecture 2 Evolutionary origins

Question 1

Phylogeny is

Answer 1

a branching tree depicting evolutionary relationships with a common ancestor where hybridization can happen between trees

Question 2

Group that is accountable for 1/2 of all species

Answer 2

Insects

Question 3

In which two dimensions do evolutionary biodiversity vary?

Answer 3

through time and across space

Question 4

Evolution is

Answer 4

changes in allele frequency across generations

Question 5

Two ways of studying evolution

Answer 5

1. Mendelian: genes
2. Quantitative: phenotype, traits

Question 6

Genetic variations happen b/c

Answer 6

diploid individuals have two alleles, homozygous or heterozygous.

Question 7

Allele frequencies are

Answer 7

number of one type of allele over total number of alleles

Question 8

Quantitative traits are controlled by single or multiple genes, can or cannot be influenced by environment

Answer 8

multiple, can

Question 9

5 key mechanisms of evolution

Answer 9

Mutation, gene drift, natural selection, sexual selection, gene flow.

Question 10

What is the ultimate source of genetic variation?

Answer 10

Mutation

Question 11

4 conclusions about natural selection

Answer 11

All organisms have the potential for exponential growth, yet high mortality so stable population
traits vary among individuals, influence survival, and are heritable.