LECTURE 2 (Environmental Health) Flashcards
What is Environmental Health?
The science and practice of preventing human injury and illness and promoting well-being by:
- identifying and evaluating environmental sources and hazardous agents
- limiting exposures to hazardous physical, chemical and biological agents in air, water, soil, food and other environmental media or settings that may adversely affect human health
What is the impact of climate change on human health?
- Severe weather = injuries, fatalities, mental health impacts
- Air pollution = Asthma, cardiovascular disease
- Changes in vector ecology = Malaria, Dengue, Encephalitis etc
- Increasing Allergens = Respiratory allergens, asthma
- Water quality impacts = Cholera
- Water and food supply impacts = Malnutrition, diarrhoea
- Environmental degradation = Forced migration, civil conflict, mental health impacts
- Extreme heat = Heat-related illness and death, cardiovascular failure
What are the largest sources of natural air pollution?
- Airborne dust in the world’s deserts
- Fires
- Sea spray
- Pollen
- Volcanoes
What are the largest anthropogenic sources of air pollution?
- Electricity production
- Burning of solid fuels for cooking and heating in poor households
- Agriculture
- Industry
- Road transport
Who is most impacted by the environment?
- The poor
- Children under 5 and adults between 50 and 75
- Males due to occupational risks and injuries
- Women bear higher exposures to traditional environment risks (e.g smoke from cooking with solid fuels)
What do Multisectoral policies to protect the environment entail?
Coordination between agencies at international, national, regional and local levels
What do Rising public awareness of global climate and the health effects of environmental health entail?
Promote agricultural policies, promote alternative fuels and chemical construction
Which is the major source for carbon monoxide?
Motor Vehicle Exhaust
What is the major source for sulphur dioxide?
Coal
What occupation agents can be responsible for peripheral neuropathy?
- Acrylamide
- Lead
- Arsenic
Which of the following isn’t an environmental component of causes for human diseases?
- Behavioural
- Chemical
- Biological
- Physical
Behavioural
What occupational agent can cause Pulmonary fibrosis?
Asbestos
Which one of the following causes harm to human health?
- Protecting forests
- Using solar vehicles
- Using of pesticides
- Organic farming
Using of pesticides
Example of Cognitive disorders include, except:
- Motor skill disorders
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Bipolar disorder
- Dementia
Bipolar disorder
Mood disturbances are associated with which symptoms?
- Disturbances in appetite
- Feeling of sadness/hopelessness
- Sleep disturbances
- All of the above
All of the above
Mood disturbances can include which following condition?
- Major depression
- OCD
- Amnesia
- Schizophrenia
Major depression
What is Psychosis?
Disorders of perception and thought process
What are the most commonly observed psychotic symptoms?
Delusions
What type of respiratory symptoms can be caused by air pollutants?
- Chest tightness
- Shortness of breath
- Wheezing
What is Anxiety?
Physiological response to dangerous situations that prepares one to evade or confront a threat in the environment
What are Cognitive disorders?
Any disorder that significantly impairs the cognitive function of an individual to the point where normal functioning in society is impossible without treatment
What is an example of anxiety disorders?
- Suicidal thoughts
- Paranoia
- Alzheimer disease
- Phobias
Phobias
Which water-related disease can cause severe, life-threatening diarrhoea?
Cholera
Which virus is the most common etiologic pathogen for viral diarrhoea?
Norovirus
Which diseases are the most prominent cause of death among children under 5 related to environmental impacts?
a) B and C
b) Diarrhoea diseases
c) Respiratory infections
d) Oncologic diseases
e) All of the above
a) B and C
Which occupational agent can be responsible for behavioural changes?
Lead
What is the main source of Nitrogen oxides?
a) Off-road equipment
b) Power plant emissions
c) On-road motor vehicle exhaust
d) All of the above
All of the above
Which occupational agent is responsible for Leukemia?
a) Ionising radiation
b) Beta-naphthylamine
c) Asbestos
d) Cotton dust
Ionising radiation
Which occupational agent can cause lung cancer?
Uranium
What are the most commonly observed psychotic symptoms?
- Delusions
- Paranoia
- Hallucination
Which of the following food-borne bacterial pathogen can cause meningitis?
Listeria
What is the greatest portion in composition of municipal solid waste?
Paper
Which occupational agent can cause Extrapyramidal syndrome?
Manganese
Which one of the following is a result of high exposure of radiation?
- Leg fracture
- Hair loss
- Loss of white blood cells
- Tooth decay
Loss of white blood cells
Which organisation is dedicated to protecting human health from environmental harms?
Environmental Protection Agency
