Lecture 2- Classification and Diagnosis

Question 1

2 Classification systems

Answer 1

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of MD (5), International Classification of Diseases (10)

Question 2

Medical model assumptions

Answer 2

1) Illness and health are qualitatively different
2) Different illnesses are distinguishable and individual from each other
3) Different causes and specific treatment

Question 3

History

Answer 3

Hipocrates: Hysteria- drying of uterus
Parcelsus: Vesania, lunacy and insanity
Maudsley: Masturbatory Insanity

Question 4

Medical Biological model

Answer 4

All illnesses are caused by an underlying biological cause
-Pasteur’s germ theory
- Broca and Wenicke: aphasia localised to a region of the brain
Assos between syndromes and brain damage

Question 5

Slowed down, psychoanalytical model 3 assymptions, 2 advantages

Answer 5

• Side effects and treatments were very harmful: Cotton, Lobotomy
• Psychoanalytical model: 3 things
  1. MI not different from normal Mental health, on the same scale
  2. Different illnesses not qualitatively different from one another
  3. More illnesses other than just psychosis: neuroses (anxiety, depression, phobias)
• Extended the client base to those with milder symptoms
• Prolif of MH profess

Question 6

DSM1 and 2 problems

Answer 6

• little agreement on symptoms qualifying as a disorder: little inter-rater reliability
• little validity: trying to diagnose disorders on hypothetical causes

Question 7

DSM3 and beyond, how the problems were fixed

Answer 7

Emil Kraepelin, based DSM on medical/biological model

• Twist: no theoretical assumptions on causes, explicit criteria on symptoms, patient reports, direct observations, measurements
• +reliability, validity questionable

Question 8

Problems with the medical model

Answer 8

1. +Comorbidity
2. Diagnostic instability high
3. Treatment not specific
4. No DSM disorder qualifies as a disease

Question 9

Classification, a work in progress

Answer 9

Hysteria and homos: out
Psychosis: sneaking back in
Aspergers: In now out
GAD, BED: In in DSM5
Problem: are the symptoms really harmful internal dysfunctions?