Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology/LM Unit I > Lecture 2/Chp 3,4 > Flashcards

Lecture 2/Chp 3,4 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are some unusual prokaryotes?

A

Star-shaped

Rectangular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some bacterial arrangements?

A

Pairs
Diplococci or diploma ills

Clusters
Staphylococci

Chains
Streptococci
Streptobacilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the common bacterial structures?

A 
Plasma membrane
Gas vacuole
Ribosomes
Inclusions
Nucleoid
Periplasmic space
Cell wall
Capsules and slime layers
Fimbriae and slime layers
Flagella
Endospores
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gas vacuole function?

A

Inclusion providing bouyancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cell wall functions?

A

Protection from osmotic stress, helps maintain cell shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Capsules and slime layer functions?

A

Resistance to phag and adherence to surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Film rise and pili functions?

A 
Attachment to surfaces 
Conjugation
Transformation
Twitching
Gliding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Flagella functions?

A

Swimming

Swarming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Endospore functions?

A

Survival under harsh environmental conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the components of the Bacterial Cell Envelope?

A

Plasma membrane
Cell Wall
Layered outside cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Explain the differences in cell membranes of bacterial and eukaryotic cells.

A

Bacteria do not contain cholesterol

Bacteria have hopaniods
1. Cholesterol like

Infoldings are present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is the chemical relationship different in Bacteria/Eukaryotic lipids vs Archaea?

A

Bacteria and Eukaryotic lipids in the cell membrane have ester bonds= ROOC

Archaea have ether bonds
ROR
1. Bilayer is C20= diethers
2. Monolayer is C40= tetraethers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Inclusions functions?

A

Granules of organic or inorganic material storage for future use.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What some examples of inclusions?

A 
Metabolic nutrients
Glycogen
Carbon
Phospage= Volutin
Amino Acids= cyanophycin
Sulfur
Iron=Magnetosomes
1. Cytoskeletal protein Mamk for chains

Gas vacuoles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Microcompartments examples?

A

Carboxysomes
1. CO2 fixing bacteria
2. Fibulae-1-5-bisphosphate carboxylate
(Rubisco)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 3 eukaryotic cytoskeletal homologous in bacteria?

A

FtsZ=microtubule
Cell Divison

MreB=microfliament
Cell shape, my be involved in chromosome segregation

CreS=Intermediate filament
Induces curvature in curved rods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 3 parts to Bacteria flagella?

A

Filament
Hook
Basal Body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do Flagella help bacteria move?

A

For liquid movement it is a helicopter.

For viscous movement
It is spirochete

Solid surfaces
Twitching
Gliding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are spores resistance to?

A

Heat
Radiation
Chemicals
Desiccation

20
Q

What protein makes spores resistant?

A

Keratin

21
Q

What are the basic shapes of microbes?

A 
Bacillus= rods
Coccus= spherical
Spiral
1. Spirillum= one or more twists
2. Vibrio= curved rod
3. Spirochete=flexible, helical spirals
22
Q

Why is large surface/volume ratio good?

A

The uptake of nutrients and the diffusion of becomes more efficient.

Lead to rapid growth rate.

23
Q

What is anaerobic ammonia oxidation?

A

Nitrogen fixation

24
Q

What ribosome units do bacteria and archer a have?

A

70S
30 and 50

Small subunit 30=16S
Large subunit 50=23S and 5S

25
Q

How does DNA condense in bacteria?

A

Supercoiling because of a lack of histones.

26
Q

What are some properties of Plasmids?

A

Extra chromosomal DNA

  1. Bacteria
  2. Archaea
  3. Fungi

Closed circular
Replicates independently
1. Episodes may integrate into chromosome
2. Inherited during cell division

Confer advantage to host

27
Q

What are the types of plasmids?

A

Conjugative= transfer DNA

R Plasmids= resistance

Col. Plasmids=produce bacteriocins destroy’s related species

Virulence Plasmids= Virulence

Metabolic Plasmids=Carry genes for enzymes

28
Q

Bacterial Cell Wall’s are made of what and how?

A

Peptidoglycan=Murien

Two alternating sugars

  1. N-acetylglucosamine (NAG)
  2. N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)

Alternating D/L amino acids
Strands are crossed linked
Helical shape

29
Q

What else to Gram-Positive Cell Wall have?

A 
Trichroic acids
Negatively charge
1. Maintain cell envelope
2. Protection
3. Bind host
30
Q

Explain what exoenzymes are?

A

Gram-positive bacterial proteins aid in degradation of large nutrients

31
Q

Why are Gram-Negative Cell Walls more complex?

A

Have a thin layer of peptidoglycan surrounded by an outer membrane

Have LPS

No trichroic acids

Braun’s LPS connect outer membrane to pep

32
Q

LPS components?

A

Lipid A= Endotoxins
Core polysaccharide
O side chain= O antigen

Contributes to neg charge
Contribute to biofilm
Protection via O antigen

33
Q

Why is the Gram Neg Outer Membrane more permeable?

A

Porin proteins and transporters

34
Q

What is Plasmolysis?

A

Cell wall and Plasma membrane come apart in a hypertonic environment

35
Q

Instead of peptidoglycan what do Archaeal cell walls have?

A

Pseudopeptidoglycan

36
Q

What are the outermost components of the cell wall?

A

Glycocalyx

  1. Capsules and slime layers
  2. S. Layers
37
Q

What is special about S layers?

A

Potential use in nanotechnology

They spontaneously associate

38
Q

What sex pili required for?

A

Conjugation

39
Q

What function does Fimbriae have?

A

Twitching motility or gliding motility

40
Q

What function does Flagella have?

A

Motility
Swarming
Attachment
Virulence

41
Q

What are the parts of a Flagella?

A

Filament= cell surface to tip

Hook= links filament to basal body

Basal Body= series of rings that drive flagellar motor

42
Q

Explain bacterial flagellar movement patterns?

A

Counterclockwise causes forward motion

Clockwise causes a stop and tumble

43
Q

What is the flagellar movement mechanism?

A

EMF of proton [H] gradient concentration through the MotB MotA protein channel.

44
Q

List some components of the Endospore structure?

A

Surrounded by exosporium

Thick protein layers form spore coat

Cortex beneath of thick pep

Core has nucleotide/ribosomes

45
Q

What makes an Endospore resistant?

A

Calcium w/dipicolinic acid

Small, acid soluble, DNA-binding proteins (SASPs)

Dehydrated core

Spore coat and Exopsorium

DNA repair enzymes

Microbiology/LM Unit I (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions