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Normal and Tumour Cells > Lecture 2 Cells, Tissues and Microscopy > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Cells, Tissues and Microscopy Flashcards

1
Q

How does light microscopy work?

A

A light microscope magnifies images through a series of glass lenses, which first focus a beam of light onto or through an object, and convex objective lenses to enlarge the image formed.

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2
Q

What is the minimum resolution of the human eye?

A

0.2mm* Generally.

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3
Q

What is the typical size of a cell?

A

10 to 20 micrometers.

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4
Q

What is a microscope condenser?

A

Focuses light through the sample

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5
Q

What is the eye piece of the microscope called?

A

The ocular

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6
Q

how many magnifying lenses does a microscope have?

A

2

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7
Q

What is the equation for total magnification?

A

Eyepiece magnification x objective lens magnification

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8
Q

Define magnification

A

How much an object is enlarged

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9
Q

Resolution

A

Ability to distinguish between 2 closely spaced objects - to 0.2microlitres.

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10
Q

True or False: Resolution can be still be poor with high magnification?

A

True

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11
Q

What is formalin?

A

Saturated formaldehyde

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12
Q

What is formalin used for?

A

To preserve cell samples for histological analysis

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13
Q

What is the mechanism of Formalin

A

Cross-linking, i.e. the formation of covalent bonds between proteins.

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14
Q

It is used as an embedding medium for histological analysis of natural tissue.

A

Paraffin wax

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15
Q

The vertical distance between the tip of a crest and the wave’s central axis is called:

A

The amplitude

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16
Q

A colourless compound present in logwood, and is used as a biological stain.

A

What is Haematoxylin

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17
Q

A red fluorescent dye that is a bromine derivative of fluorescein, or one of its salts or other derivatives.

A

Eosin

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18
Q

What colour does haemotoxylin stain?

A

Blue

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19
Q

True of False: Eosin stains nuclei cells

A

False

20
Q

True or False: Haemotoxylin Stains nuclei cells

A

True

21
Q

What part of the cell does eosin dye?

A

The cytoplasm

22
Q

Which chemical dyes cytoplasm cells pink? Haemotoxylin or Eosin

A

Eosin

23
Q

Define: Immunohistochemistry

A

Lab technique used to visualise specific proteins or antigens within tissue samples.

24
Q

What are 3 things all cells have in common?

A

A cell membrane - separates in/outside
Cytoplasm
DNA - Genetic Material

25
Q

Do animal cells have a cell wall?

A

No

26
Q

The bottom layer of skin in your body is called ‘The

A

Hypodermis

27
Q

What is the hypodermis?

A

The bottom layer of skin in humans and pigs.

28
Q

The _____________ is the main insulating fat layer of skin in humans and pigs.

A

Hypodermis

29
Q

What does the darker pink staining on the surface of colon cells represent?

A

Microvilli

30
Q

Tiny finger-like projections found on the surface of certain cells

A

Microvilli

31
Q

What are columnar cells?

A

An epithelial cell that is shaped like a column

32
Q

Epithelial cell

A

Cell that covers the inside and outside of the surfaces of your body

33
Q

Epithelium, mesothelium, and endothilium are 3 types of which cell that line your internal organs, body cavities, and form the outer layer of your skin?

A

epithelial cell

34
Q

What does the epithelial cell line?

A

Internal organs and body cavities

35
Q

What cells form the outer layer of human skin?

A

epithelial cell

36
Q

What are the 3 types of epithelial cells?

A

Epithelium, endothelium, and mesothelium

37
Q

Define: nucleoli

A

A small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase.

38
Q

Where is the nucleolus found?

A

In the nucleus

39
Q

During what phase is the nucleolus found in the nucleus?

A

Interphase

40
Q

What is the site of ribosome biogenesis called?

A

The Nucleolus

41
Q

The _____ also participates in the formation of signal recognition particles and plays a role in the cell’s response to stress

A

Nucleolus

42
Q

What is enzyme-linked antibody staining?

A

immunological assay commonly used to measure antibodies, antigens, proteins and glycoproteins in biological samples

43
Q

Define: Adenocarcinoma

A

A malignant tumour formed from glandular structures in epithelial tissue

44
Q

A malignant tumour formed from glandular structures in epithelial tissue

A

Adenocarcinoma

45
Q

What is the etymology of Adenocarcinoma?

A

“adeno” meaning ‘pertaining to a gland’
and
“carcinoma” meaning cancer.

46
Q

Is H&E staining used for dead or live cells?

A

Dead cells.

Normal and Tumour Cells (2 decks)

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