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Biosci 107 > Lecture 2- Cells And Tissues. > Flashcards

Lecture 2- Cells And Tissues. Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the apical or free surface?

A

The top of the cells.

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2
Q

Name a microfilment.

A

Actin.

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3
Q

What is the purpose of actin?

A

For strength, alter cell shape, line cytoplasm to membrane, toe cells together, muscle contraction.

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4
Q

Name the intermediate filament

A

Keratin

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5
Q

What is the purpose of keratin?

A

Strength, to move materials through the cytoplasm.

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6
Q

What proteins bind the tight functions?

A

Claudin and occludin.

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7
Q

What is the function of the tight junction?

A

To be electrically tight and not let any molecules pass through. To maintain polarity.

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8
Q

Where in the cell is the tight junction located?

A

On the lateral side above the adherents junction.

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9
Q

Where can the tight junction be found?

A

In the stomach, intestines, bladder.

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10
Q

What protein fills the gap of the adherens junction?

A

Cadherin

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11
Q

What proteins bind the cadherin to the plaque in the adherens junction?

A

Catenins bind to actin that binds to the plaque.

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12
Q

Where is the adherens junction located in a cell?

A

Below the tight junction and above the gap junction on the lateral side.

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13
Q

What protein fills the gap in Desmosome junctions?

A

Cadherin

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14
Q

In desmosome junctions what does the cadherin bind to?

A

Keratin/ plaque

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15
Q

Where are desmosome junctions located?

A

On the lateral side below the gap junction and above the basement membrane.

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16
Q

Where can desmosome junctions be found?

A

In skin and cardiac cells.

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17
Q

What do the function of the gap junction?

A

Communication channel, allow small molecules to pass through.

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18
Q

How many Connexin proteins make up one Connexion in the gap junction?

A

6

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19
Q

How many connexons make up one channel in the gap junction?

A

2

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20
Q

Where are gap junctions located in the cell?

A

On the lateral side below adherens and above desmosomes.

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21
Q

What fills the gap of a hemidesmosome junction?

A

Integrin

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22
Q

What does integrin link to in a hemidesmosome?

A

To the top plague/keratin and the bottom laminin to the basement membrane.

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23
Q

Where about in the cell is the hemidesmosome junction located?

A

On the basal side attached to the basement membrane.

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24
Q

What are the two parts of the basement membrane?

A

The basal lamina and the reticular lamina.

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25
Q

Where is the basement membrane located within a cell?

A

Between the epithelium and the connective tissue.

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26
Q

What does epithelial tissue contain?

A

Nerves but no blood vessels.

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27
Q

What is the function of the basement membrane?

A

To act as a barrier and filter substances in the kidneys.

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28
Q

What are the two types of epithelial tissue?

A

Covering and lining and glandular.

29
Q

What is a simple arrangement?

A

A single layer of cells?

30
Q

What is a stratified arrangement?

A

2 or more layers of cells.

31
Q

What is a pseudostratified arrangement?

A

1 layer of elongated cells.

32
Q

What is a squamous shape?

A

Flat and thin cells.

33
Q

What is a cubodial shape?

A

Cells as tall as they are wide.

34
Q

What is a columnar shape?

A

Rectangular cells.

35
Q

What is a transitional shape?

A

A stratified epithelium that can change shape from a cubodial to flat shape.

36
Q

Where can transitional cels be found?

A

In the urinary bladder.

37
Q

What is simple squamous?

A

A single layer of thin and flat cells.

38
Q

Where can simple squamous cells be found?

A

Where there is filtration/diffusion. In kidneys/lungs/blood vessels, heart.

39
Q

What are the specialised subtypes of simple squamous?

A

Methothelium and endothelium.

40
Q

What is a simple cubodial shape?

A

A single layer of cube shaped cells.

41
Q

Where are simple cubodial cells found?

A

Where there is secretion and absorption. Pancreas ducts, kidneys, glands

42
Q

What do microvilli do?

A

Increase the surface area.

43
Q

What do cilia do?

A

Move side to side and push thing along.

44
Q

What shapes cells are simple columnar?

A

A single layer of rectangular cells.

45
Q

What are the subtypes of simple columnar cells?

A

Ciliated and non ciliated.

46
Q

Do ciliated simple columnar cells have goblet cells?

A

Yes

47
Q

Do non ciliated simple columnar cells have goblet cells?

A

Yes.

48
Q

What shaped cells are stratified squamous?

A

Two or more layers of flat and thin cells.

49
Q

Where can stratified squamous cels be found?

A

Where there is mechanical or chemical stress.

50
Q

What are the two subtypes of stratified squamous cells?

A

Keritinised and non kertinised.

51
Q

Where can keratinised stratified squamous cells be found?

A

In the skin.

52
Q

Where can non keratinised stratified squamous cells be found?

A

In the mouth, throat, tongue, oesophagas.

53
Q

What shape are pseudo stratified columnar cells?

A

One layer of elongated rectangular cells.

54
Q

What are the subtypes of pseudo stratified columnar cells?

A

Ciliated and non ciliated.

55
Q

Can ciliated pseudo stratified columnar cells have goblet cells?

A

Yes

56
Q

Can non ciliated pseudo stratified columnar cells have goblet cells?

A

No.

57
Q

Where can ciliated pseudo stratified columnar cells be found?

A

In upper parts of the respiratory tract.

58
Q

Where can non ciliated pseudo stratified columnar cells be found?

A

In larger ducts.

59
Q

What shape are stratified columnar cells

A

2 or more layers of cube shaped cells.

60
Q

Where are stratified cubodial cells found?

A

In ducts if sweat glands, esophagus and male urethra.

61
Q

What shaped cells are stratified columnar?

A

2 or more layers of rectangular cells.

62
Q

Where can stratified columnar cells be found?

A

In parts of the urethra, large gland ducts such as the oesophageal glands, anal membrane and eye.

63
Q

What is glandular epithelial?

A

Glands of a single cell or group of cells that secrete substances into ducts, blood or a surface.

64
Q

What is the secretion pathway of the endocrine gland?

A

Directly into the blood.

65
Q

What is the secretion pathway of exocrine glands?

A

Into ducts that empty into the surface of a covering or lining epithelium.

66
Q

Where do endocrine glands secrete?

A

Into the pituitary, pineal, thyroid and parathyroid.

67
Q

Where do the exocrine gland secrete?

A

Into sweat, salivary, oil and wax glands and the pancreas.

68
Q

How many ducts does a simple gland have?

A

One single gland

69
Q

How many ducts dose a compound gland have?

A

Multiple ducts.

Biosci 107 (2 decks)

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