Lecture 2: C++ Basics

Question 1

To use functions and objects in libraries, we must

Answer 1

Include them in our code and by doing this with an include directive at the top of our file.
Ex:
#include <iostream></iostream>

Question 2

A namespace is

Answer 2

A collection of names (such as cin and cout)

Question 3

An object named cout exists in the std (or standard) namespace. It might also exist in other namespaces, we instruct C++ to use the

Answer 3

Cout from the std namespace. Example of:
using namespace std;

Question 4

When runs a program, executions always begins at the

Answer 4

Main function

Question 5

The return 0 at the end of our main function tells to

Answer 5

End the program here
Ex:
cout &laquo_space;“Hello World”;
return 0;

Question 6

Use a comment to write something in the program that the compiler will

Answer 6

Ignore

Question 7

We can also place a comment on the same line as a statement. This is referred to as an

Answer 7

Incline comment

Question 8

To create a multi-line comment, we can also use the following technique:

Answer 8

/Print “Hellow World” to the screen
These lines are ignored by the compiler
End of comment /

Question 9

A variable can hold data of

Answer 9

A specific type and for now, we will only use variables that hold numbers

Question 10

When we declare a variable, we tells to set aside a location in

Answer 10

Main memory large enough to hold a value of the given type

Question 11

The declaration statement tells to:

Answer 11

1) Set aside a location in memory large enough to hold an integer
2) Given that memory location the name

Question 12

Can place a value in or retrieve a value from a variable’s memory location by using its

Answer 12

Name

Question 13

This code declares three variables. When they are created, they are each assigned a different

Answer 13

Memory address

Question 14

The addresses assigned might be different each time the program runs. It depends on

Answer 14

What memory is free at the moment

Question 15

Only need to use a variable’s name to access its

Answer 15

Memory address

Question 16

The name of a variable is also called an

Answer 16

Identifier

Question 17

Each identifier’s name must be unique in its

Answer 17

Scope (more on scope later) and the program only have one scope, so all identifier must be unique

Question 18

C++ is a

Answer 18

Case sensitive language and this means the difference between uppercase and lowercase letters matters

Question 19

A keyword or reserved word is

Answer 19

A special type of identifier
Ex: int, double, void, bool, for, while

Question 20

Naming conventions - if a variable name is one word, it is written in lowercase

Answer 20

Ex: int number;

Question 21

If a variable name has more than one word, it is written in

Answer 21

Camelcase
Ex: int numberOfBars

Question 22

Since an identifier cannot have spaces, all words must be combined into

Answer 22

One word

Question 23

Assignment statement

Answer 23

Ex: totalWeight = 5;

Question 24

An assignment statement uses the “ = “ operator, also known as the

Answer 24

Assignment operator

Question 25

Unlike in math, “ = “ does not assert that its left and right operands are

Answer 25

Equal, rather it takes the value on the right and assigns it to a variable on the left

Question 26

An expression is a series of

Answer 26

Values and operators that evaluates to a single value

Question 27

When an expression is the right operand of “ = “, it is

Answer 27

Evaluated first

Question 28

When a variable appears to the LEFT of “ = “, we are referring to its

Answer 28

Memory location

Question 29

When a variable appears to the LEFT of “ = “, we are referring to

Answer 29

The value stored at its memory location

Question 30

An uninitialized variable has

Answer 30

Garbage data

Question 31

To avoid uninitialized variables, we can give them a value on the same line that we

Answer 31

Declare them
Ex: int miniNumber = 3;

Question 32

An input stream is a stream of

Answer 32

Input being entered into the computer for our program to use

Question 33

The programs as we write this course will receive this input comes from

Answer 33

The keyboard

Question 34

An output stream is a stream of

Answer 34

Output generated by our program and given to the user

Question 35

The program we write in this course will display their output in

Answer 35

A console window on the user’s monitor

Question 36

cout &laquo_space;””; is used to

Answer 36

Display information to the screen

Question 37

Recall that to use it, we must include, what?

Answer 37

iostream in our program

Question 38

cout &laquo_space;””; is short for

Answer 38

Console output

Question 39

&laquo_space;is called the

Answer 39

Arrow symbol or stream insertion operator

Question 40

«, the stream insertion oeprator sends the value of

Answer 40

its right operand to its left operand (cout) then cout will print the value to the screen

Question 41

You can think of &laquo_space;as an arrow pointing the data to be printed to

Answer 41

Cout

Question 42

Escape sequence

Answer 42

The backslash and the following character are referred to when a backflash appears before a character in a string, we are telling the compiler to not actually include that letter in the string

Question 43

Using “cin” for input is similar to using

Answer 43

Cout for output

Question 44

Two arrows pointing to the right are the

Answer 44

Extraction operator “»”

Question 45

“cin” receives keyboard input from the user and places it in a

Answer 45

Pre-declared variable

Question 46

Note: It must be declared but does not need to be

Answer 46

Initialized
Ex:
int number; // ‘number is correctly pre-declared’
cin&raquo_space; number;

Question 47

When an extraction operator statement is

Answer 47

Reached, program execution pauses

Question 48

Since program execution pauses when an extraction operator is

Answer 48

Reached, it is important to always display a prompt before reading input to cin

Question 49

A prompt is text asking the user to

Answer 49

Enter input (and telling them what that input should be)

Question 51

It is possible to retrieve values for more than one variable with

Answer 51

A single “cin” statement
Ex:
int price, amount;
cout &laquo_space;“Enter the price and amount: “;
cin&raquo_space; price&raquo_space; amount;

Question 52

Keyboard buffer

Answer 52

The character and the user types are stored in a section of memory

Question 53

include <string> and note that we also need to add</string>

Answer 53

using namespace std if we have not already

Question 54

Once the string library is included in our program, we can declare variable of type string as we would

Answer 54

Any other data type
Ex:
string day;
day = “Monday”;

Question 55

The right operand of the assignment operator is a

Answer 55

String literal

Question 56

A string literal is

Answer 56

Text placed inside quotation marks

Question 57

It is called literal because

Answer 57

It is not a variable value. Rather the letters inside the quotes are the literal string being assigned to the left operand.

Question 58

The “+” operator performs a different operation if its two operands are

Answer 58

String rather than numeric values are known “string concatenation”

Question 59

As with numeric and character values, it is possible to use the&raquo_space; operator with

Answer 59

“cin” to input a “string” from the keyboard

Question 60

“cin” ignores leading whitespace characters, so it is

Answer 60

Continue reading from the buffer

Question 61

When “cin” reaches the first non-leading whitespace character in the buffer, it stops

Answer 61

Reading and sends the characters that have been read to name

Question 62

Everything that has been read is cleared from

Answer 62

The buffer

Question 63

When this statement is reached, the keyboard buffer is

Answer 63

Not empty and executions does not pause and cin reads the first character in the buffer