Lecture 2 - Basics of Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What direction is Caudal? (Brain)

A

Towards Tail

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2
Q

What direction is Rostral

A

Towards Nose/Beak

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3
Q

Cerebellum

A

Fine motor control, cordination and movement. Error based learning

50% of neurons in brain but makes up 10% of space

Recives signal from all over CNS

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4
Q

Brainstem

A

Basic, everyday functioning. Sleep, breathing, blood pressure..etc

base of brain and connects to spinal cord. includes mid brain, pons and medulla oblongata

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5
Q

Spinal Cord

A

Info to/from peripheral, connecting to peripheral

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6
Q

Visceral Motor control Sympathetic

A

Sympathetic is increase of activity to internal organs. Sweating and heart rate up

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7
Q

Visceral Motor control parasympathetic

A

parasympathetic is decrease of activity to internal organs. Rest and digest

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8
Q

Afferent

A

Sensory and moving towards the brain (visceral)

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9
Q

Efferent

A

Moving out of the brain and Motor (somatic)

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10
Q

Internal

A

Hunger, muscle fatigue. bp

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11
Q

External

A

feel, touch, smell

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12
Q

Lump in spine

A

Where connecting to arms and legs due to additional nerves

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13
Q

Gray matter

A

Not myelinated, controls movement, memory, emotion

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14
Q

White matter

A

Myelinated, processes/sends signals up and down spinal cord

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15
Q

Ventral Horn

A

relays information, holds the cell bodies of motor neurons and axons…ALPHA MOTOR NEURON IN VH

has efferent body cells

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16
Q

Dorsal Horn

A

receives and processes sensory information (in grey matter)

afferent body cells

17
Q

CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord

18
Q

PNS

A

Everywhere but spinal cord and brain

19
Q

Ganglion

A

collection of cell bodies which same function and apart of the PNS

in CNS = nuclies

20
Q

Dermatomes

A

An area of skin supplied by neurons that come from a specific spinal segment

21
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay centre, located above the brain stem. large mass of grey matter in dorsal part of diencephalon

22
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Outer thin layer of cerebrum. High order functions.Plays a key role in attention, perception, memory and language. Divided into 4 lobes.

Frontal = emotional (speech)
Parietal = sensation, reacting to environment
Occipital = Visual
Temporal = language/hearing

23
Q

Similarities vs difference of neurons

A

similar= cell body, nucleus, lipid bilayer
different= shape of dendrites and axons is long and thing, electrically excitable

24
Q

Dendrites vs axons

A

dendrites = receives signal while axon sends signal

25
Rule of neurons
form follows function. the more complex the bigger the function
26
Different types of neurons
Sensory Motor - ventral horn Local interneuron - grey matter Projection interneuron- white matter
27
Oligodendrocytes
Type of Glial cell within CNS. Provides myelination. Saves space for the density of CNS
28
Schwann cells
Type of Glial cell within PNS. Provides myelination. Wraps around a PN
29
Astrocyte
Type of Glial cell and supports with ion and nutrients. Plus scares and repairs GLIAL CELLS = HELPER CELL