Lecture 2 - Basics of Neuroanatomy

Question 1

What direction is Caudal? (Brain)

Answer 1

Towards Tail

Question 2

What direction is Rostral

Answer 2

Towards Nose/Beak

Question 3

Cerebellum

Answer 3

Fine motor control, cordination and movement. Error based learning

50% of neurons in brain but makes up 10% of space

Recives signal from all over CNS

Question 4

Brainstem

Answer 4

Basic, everyday functioning. Sleep, breathing, blood pressure..etc

base of brain and connects to spinal cord. includes mid brain, pons and medulla oblongata

Question 5

Spinal Cord

Answer 5

Info to/from peripheral, connecting to peripheral

Question 6

Visceral Motor control Sympathetic

Answer 6

Sympathetic is increase of activity to internal organs. Sweating and heart rate up

Question 7

Visceral Motor control parasympathetic

Answer 7

parasympathetic is decrease of activity to internal organs. Rest and digest

Question 8

Afferent

Answer 8

Sensory and moving towards the brain (visceral)

Question 9

Efferent

Answer 9

Moving out of the brain and Motor (somatic)

Question 10

Internal

Answer 10

Hunger, muscle fatigue. bp

Question 11

External

Answer 11

feel, touch, smell

Question 12

Lump in spine

Answer 12

Where connecting to arms and legs due to additional nerves

Question 13

Gray matter

Answer 13

Not myelinated, controls movement, memory, emotion

Question 14

White matter

Answer 14

Myelinated, processes/sends signals up and down spinal cord

Question 15

Ventral Horn

Answer 15

relays information, holds the cell bodies of motor neurons and axons…ALPHA MOTOR NEURON IN VH

has efferent body cells

Question 16

Dorsal Horn

Answer 16

receives and processes sensory information (in grey matter)

afferent body cells

Question 17

CNS

Answer 17

Brain and spinal cord

Question 18

PNS

Answer 18

Everywhere but spinal cord and brain

Question 19

Ganglion

Answer 19

collection of cell bodies which same function and apart of the PNS

in CNS = nuclies

Question 20

Dermatomes

Answer 20

An area of skin supplied by neurons that come from a specific spinal segment

Question 21

Thalamus

Answer 21

Relay centre, located above the brain stem. large mass of grey matter in dorsal part of diencephalon

Question 22

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 22

Outer thin layer of cerebrum. High order functions.Plays a key role in attention, perception, memory and language. Divided into 4 lobes.

Frontal = emotional (speech)
Parietal = sensation, reacting to environment
Occipital = Visual
Temporal = language/hearing

Question 23

Similarities vs difference of neurons

Answer 23

similar= cell body, nucleus, lipid bilayer
different= shape of dendrites and axons is long and thing, electrically excitable

Question 24

Dendrites vs axons

Answer 24

dendrites = receives signal while axon sends signal

Question 25

Rule of neurons

Answer 25

form follows function. the more complex the bigger the function

Question 26

Different types of neurons

Answer 26

Sensory
Motor - ventral horn
Local interneuron - grey matter
Projection interneuron- white matter

Question 27

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 27

Type of Glial cell within CNS. Provides myelination. Saves space for the density of CNS

Question 28

Schwann cells

Answer 28

Type of Glial cell within PNS. Provides myelination. Wraps around a PN

Question 29

Astrocyte

Answer 29

Type of Glial cell and supports with ion and nutrients. Plus scares and repairs

GLIAL CELLS = HELPER CELL