Lecture 2 - Basics of Neuroanatomy Flashcards
What direction is Caudal? (Brain)
Towards Tail
What direction is Rostral
Towards Nose/Beak
Cerebellum
Fine motor control, cordination and movement. Error based learning
50% of neurons in brain but makes up 10% of space
Recives signal from all over CNS
Brainstem
Basic, everyday functioning. Sleep, breathing, blood pressure..etc
base of brain and connects to spinal cord. includes mid brain, pons and medulla oblongata
Spinal Cord
Info to/from peripheral, connecting to peripheral
Visceral Motor control Sympathetic
Sympathetic is increase of activity to internal organs. Sweating and heart rate up
Visceral Motor control parasympathetic
parasympathetic is decrease of activity to internal organs. Rest and digest
Afferent
Sensory and moving towards the brain (visceral)
Efferent
Moving out of the brain and Motor (somatic)
Internal
Hunger, muscle fatigue. bp
External
feel, touch, smell
Lump in spine
Where connecting to arms and legs due to additional nerves
Gray matter
Not myelinated, controls movement, memory, emotion
White matter
Myelinated, processes/sends signals up and down spinal cord
Ventral Horn
relays information, holds the cell bodies of motor neurons and axons…ALPHA MOTOR NEURON IN VH
has efferent body cells
Dorsal Horn
receives and processes sensory information (in grey matter)
afferent body cells
CNS
Brain and spinal cord
PNS
Everywhere but spinal cord and brain
Ganglion
collection of cell bodies which same function and apart of the PNS
in CNS = nuclies
Dermatomes
An area of skin supplied by neurons that come from a specific spinal segment
Thalamus
Relay centre, located above the brain stem. large mass of grey matter in dorsal part of diencephalon
Cerebral Cortex
Outer thin layer of cerebrum. High order functions.Plays a key role in attention, perception, memory and language. Divided into 4 lobes.
Frontal = emotional (speech)
Parietal = sensation, reacting to environment
Occipital = Visual
Temporal = language/hearing
Similarities vs difference of neurons
similar= cell body, nucleus, lipid bilayer
different= shape of dendrites and axons is long and thing, electrically excitable
Dendrites vs axons
dendrites = receives signal while axon sends signal
Rule of neurons
form follows function. the more complex the bigger the function
Different types of neurons
Sensory
Motor - ventral horn
Local interneuron - grey matter
Projection interneuron- white matter
Oligodendrocytes
Type of Glial cell within CNS. Provides myelination. Saves space for the density of CNS
Schwann cells
Type of Glial cell within PNS. Provides myelination. Wraps around a PN
Astrocyte
Type of Glial cell and supports with ion and nutrients. Plus scares and repairs
GLIAL CELLS = HELPER CELL
