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Patient Care 3 > Lecture 2 Anatomy of the Periodontium > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Anatomy of the Periodontium Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main components of the periodontium?

A
  1. Gingiva
  2. PDL
  3. Cementum
  4. Alveolar Bone
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2
Q

Gingiva is __

A

the soft tissue that surrounds the cervical portion of teeth and covers the alveolar process of the maxilla and mandible

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3
Q

Gingia is comprised of :

A

Marginal gingiva (unattached or free gingiva)

Attached gingiva

Alveolar mucosa (more red; more blood in that area)

Mucogingival junction (MCJ)

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4
Q

What Marginal Gingiva?

A

(UNATTACHED OR FREE GINGIVA)

surrounding the teeth on facial, lingual, and interproximal surfaces

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5
Q

Gingival Margin is ____ & ____

A

Most coronal portion of the gingiva
&
Scalloped outline of teeth

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6
Q

Gingival Sulcus is the ____

A

Space formed by tooth and sulcular epithelium (laterally) and the coronal end of the JE (apically)

Sulcular measurements of 1-3mm considered WNL of gingival health

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7
Q

Free Gingival Groove ____

A

Divides free gingiva from attached gingiva

Is a Shallow Depression

Found in only 50% of patients

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8
Q

Papilla (Interdental Gingiva)

A

occupies the interdental space (fills the embrasure space apical to the tooth contact)

Is attached to the tooth by the JE and connective tissue fibers

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9
Q

The Gingival Col is _____

A

a valley - like depression of the interproximal contact areas

it connects the lingual and buccal interdental papilla

is absent when teeth are not in contact

is NONKERATINIZED epithelium susceptible to inflammation and disease progression

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10
Q

• Nonkeratinized epithelium
surrounding and attaching to the
tooth on one side, and the gingival
connective tissue on the other side

• Base of the sulcus/pocket

• JE more permeable to cells and fluid
•
 Serves as route of passage of fluid 
and cells from the connective tissue 
into the sulcus for bacteria/bacterial 
products from sulcus to connective 
tissue

• Easily penetrated by the periodontal
probe, especially when gingiva is
inflamed

• Length: 0.25-1.35mm (remember
»approx. 1mm

A

Junctional Epithelium

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11
Q

What do Gingival Fibers do?

A

Gingival fibers provide support for marginal gingiva (including the interdental papilla)

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12
Q

What are Circumferential or circular fibers?

A

Circumferential or circular fibers– encircle each tooth in a cufflike fashion within the free gingiva

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13
Q

What are Dentogingival Fibers?

A

Dentogingival fibers– embedded within the cementum; fan outward into the attached gingiva to the toot

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14
Q

embedded in the same
portion of the cementum as the dentogingival
fibers

A

Dentoperiosteal Fibers

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15
Q

inserted in the crest of the

alveolar process and splay out through lamina propria into the free gingiva

A

Alveologingival Fibers

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16
Q

embedded in the cementum; run a horizontal path from adjacent teeth

A

Transseptal Fibers

17
Q

Know the Clinical Gingival Characteristics Chart on slide 16 of 42

A

.

18
Q

What is the ultimate factor of gingivitis?

A

Redness

19
Q 
• Attached to the alveolar bone and 
cementum by connective tissue fibers 
and epithelial attachment
• Boundaries are apically demarcated by 
the mucogingival junction (MGJ); 
coronally demarcated by the base of the 
gingival sulcus
• Width varies from 1-9mm; widest in facial 
aspect of maxillary central incisors and 
narrowest in the mandibular premolar 
facial areas
• NOT to be measured on the palate
• Any changes in the width of attached 
gingiva results from changes at the 
coronal end (i.e., recession)
A

Attached Gingiva

20
Q

Measuring Attached Gingiva

A

.

21
Q

Lack of Attached Gingiva

A

recession of free gingiva, so attached gingiva is lost

soft tissue grafting can restore this

22
Q

Alveolar Mucosa is

A
  • Movable tissue, loosely attached to underlying alveolar bone
  • Thin, nonkeratinized epithelium
  • Separate from attached gingiva at the MGJ
  • Darker shade of red than gingiva due to rich blood supply
23
Q

Mucogingival Junction (MGJ)

A
  • Visible line where the pink keratinized gingiva meets the more vascular alveolar mucosa (see arrows)
  • Found on the maxillary facial and the mandibular facial and lingual areas
24
Q

What are the Characteristics of Cementum?

A
  • Calcified connective tissue covering the roots of the teeth
  • Least mineralized of the calcified tissues of the tooth
  • function: to attach fibers of the PDL to the tooth (like cement)
  • No blood, lymph vessels of innervation noted
  • Continuously deposited in the apical area of the root throughout life
25
Q

What are the functions of the Periodontal Ligament (PDL)?

A

Supportive: anchors tooth to bone
• Sharpey’s fibers: portion of PDL that insert into bone and cementum

Formative: helps maintain biologic activity of bone and cementum

Nutritive: supplies nutrients and removes waste products via blood and lymph vessels

Sensory: capable of transmitting tactile pressure and pain sensation

26
Q

PDL width ____

A

can only be seen in radiographs

depends on age

depends on stage of eruption

depends on function of tooth

depends on angle of film

27
Q

Alveolar bone is the ..

A

bone that forms and supports the alveoli (tooth sockets)

28
Q

Alveolar bone (alveolar process)

A

consists of alveolar bone proper and supporting bone

29
Q

Alveolar bone contour of the alveolar bone

A

follows contour of the CEJ and arrangement of the dentition

30
Q

Alveolar bone shape of the alveolar crest

A

is generally parallel to the CEJ of adjacent teeth approximately 1.5-2mm apical to the CEJ

31
Q

Alveolar Bone cortical plates are usually..

A

thicker in the mandible than in the maxilla

32
Q

Alveolar bone proper is a ____

A

thin layer of bone that surrounds the root and gives attachment to the PDL

Is termed Lamina dura in radiographic images

also called cribriform plate

33
Q

Supportive Alveolar Bone is a portion of ….

A

alveolar process that surrounds the alveolar bone proper and gives support to the sockets

~is compact (cortical)
~cancellous or trabecular (spongy) bone

Patient Care 3 (4 decks)

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