Lecture 2 Flashcards
Stages of Development of Complex Organisms
Fertilization, Cleavage, Gastrulation, Organogenesis, Histogenesis, Hatching, Post-embryonic development, Adulthood
Single Cell Development
Vegetative- living in host
Sporulating cell
Mature Spore- ideal infectious agent
4 Phases of Development
Determination
Differentiation
Morphogenetic
Growth
How to reveal morphology
Histological staining
Detectis RNA in Cells
In situ hybridization
Detects proteins using antibodies
Immunolocalization
Reveals the product of the gene
Bio chem activity monitoring
Reveals activity of promoter
Reporter gene fusion
Forward Genetics
Screens for gene with known trait
Reverse Genetics
Analyzes changes that happen to trait by changing the gene
Ways to “Catch it” to determine a genes function
In situ hybridization (RNA
Immunostaining (protein)
Reporter (promoter fusion/bio chem assay)
Ways to “break it” to determine a genes function
Dominant negative
Genetic mutation
Ways to “Move it” to determine a genes function
Over expression
Ectopic expression
Totipotent
Can become any different type of cell
Mammalian cells until they hit 8-cells
Pluripotent
Happens after blastocyst
Cells can form into anything besides embryonic tissue
Stages of Formation for Central Nervous System
Nerual induction- decides what will become part of the system
Patterning along body axes to form regions (forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, spinal cord)
Further Diversification to make types of neurons and glia
Making connections- neuronal migration, axon guidance, synapse formation
Things to consider for model organism
Location of development
Source of Food
Size of embryo
Speed of development
3 dermal layers
Endoderm- intestine, lung, liver
Mesoderm- somites
Ectoderm- skin and nervous system
