lecture 2

Question 1

200,000 bce

Answer 1

modern humans appear

Question 2

60,0000 bce

Answer 2

homo sapiens disperse from africa

Question 3

9000 bce

Answer 3

evidence of domesticated plants and livestock

Question 4

8000-7000 bce

Answer 4

evidence of “founder crops”

Question 5

6000 bce

Answer 5

evidence of permanent towns, southwest asia

Question 6

5000 bce

Answer 6

evidence of villages reliant on planted crops and livestock

Question 7

38000 bce

Answer 7

evidence of first cities in mesopotamia

Question 8

primary civilizations in eastern hemisphere

Answer 8

northern china, mesopotamia, egypt, indus valley

Question 9

preconditions for primary conditions

Answer 9

toolmaking-domestication of fire, cooking during paleolithic period, beginning 250,000 years ago

Question 10

warming climate

Answer 10

beginning 15,000 years ago

Question 11

growing human population

Answer 11

3 million global populations in 10,000 bce

Question 12

growing human population

Answer 12

5 million global populations in 5000 bce

Question 13

decline of wild animal populations

Answer 13

-

Question 14

beginning of sedentism, agriculture and animal domestication

Answer 14

neolithic period (9000-4000 bce

Question 15

earliest towns

Answer 15

6000 bce

Question 16

civilization

Answer 16

civitas (latin), civilis (life in the city)

Question 17

early development largely independent of other primary civilizations

Answer 17

common characteristics in riverine environment
state-based
depends on an in competition with “barbarians”

Question 18

mesopotamia

Answer 18

land between the rivers -tigris and euphrates-depends on sophisticated irrigation system, wealth and power-heavy taxation, forced labor high rate of slavery
rich in agricultural production- disease is rampant, resource destruction and invasion

Question 19

sumerian era (3800-2330 bce)

Answer 19

sumer is in southern mesopotamia-made up of largely autonomous city states
ziggurats
peasants and laborers
slaves- people of wars

Question 20

technological developments (6th-4th millenia) 5000-3000s

Answer 20

copper, tin, arsenic, irrigation, the wheel, arithmetic, and numeracy- based on systems of 60, 10,6, astronomy, writing (3200 bce)

Question 21

more on writing

Answer 21

cunieform writing- writing is complex and restricted to a small- core of trained scribes
originates as a system of record-keeping for inventories

Question 22

akkadian period (2330-2200 bce)

Answer 22

spoke a language quite different from sumerians- speakers of early semitic language
adapts cunieform writing

Question 23

period of amorite-babylonian ascendancy (2000-1600 bce

Answer 23

hammurabi (1792- 1750)
hamurabi’s law code
epic of gilgamesh developed into a full epic (1700)