Lecture 2 Flashcards
1
Q
developmental approach to toddlers (age 1-3)
A
- strong attachment to mom/dad
- ritualistic
- egocentric
- time for toilet training
- play: parallel play–>2 kids playing next to each other w/ separate toys, no interaction b/w them
- time of huge language development
- temperament
2
Q
when a child is 2 yo, how much of their speech should a stranger be able to understand?
A
50% (if 3 yo, then 75%; if 4 yo, then 100%)
3
Q
toilet training in toddlers: when and readiness factors
A
- achieved late in toddler period b/w 30-40 mos
- readiness factors:
- physical: sphincter control, stay dry for 2 hours, regular BM’s, gross motor–sitting/walking/squatting, fine motor
- mental: recognition of urge, communicate, follow directions
- psychologic: to please, sit for 5 min, curiosity, desire to be dry
- parental: recognize child is ready, willingness, absence of stresses
4
Q
how does hospitalization affect toddlers?
A
- fear of abandonment
- fear of loss of control
- negativism and temper tantrums
- poor understanding of body boundaries
- play used for understanding and coping
5
Q
how to approach toddlers in the hospital at their developmental level
A
- firm, positive approach: give a choice only when possible
- do not expect cooperation: do not argue
- concrete: poor concept of time
- the younger the pt is, the closer to the event happening are you going to explain it, b/c it can cause lots of anxiety
- procedures:
- use distraction
- non invasive procedures
- explain just prior to event
6
Q
toddler diet
A
- continue to wean if not complete
- milk: 2-3 cups/16-24 oz per day
- finger foods, but need to watch for chokables
- limit sugar, fat, and salt
- ritualistic
- small, frequent meals
7
Q
preschool play
A
- associative play: similar activity but no rigid organization
- motor activity: on the go
- dramatic play: imitation, dress up
- games: rules are absolute and rigid in games
8
Q
gender role identity in preschoolers
A
- becomes aware of their similarity to parent of the same sex
- usually like to be like the same sex parent
- reinforced by the parent
- girls–cook w/ mom; boys–work with dad
- sexual identity:
- modesty
- sexual exploration: children may masturbate
- not absolute–may identify w/ both parents
9
Q
pain perception in preschoolers
A
- FACES assessment tool is most helpful
- can also ask parents
- verbal ability is better but they fear the consequences
- the pain reliever may be worse than the pain
- they also fear healthcare providers
- may cry and cling
- may become passive
10
Q
developmental approach to school age child (6-12 yo)
A
- better understanding of cause and effect
- likes to be w/ same gender
- likes competition
- likes to learn
- appreciates tangible rewards
- limits “screen time”
- direct link to obesity
11
Q
school age child and play
A
- cooperative play: teams, organized clubs
- rules: like competition
- construction: enjoys building and constructing things
- computer games: need to be wary of amount of screen time
12
Q
school age child and social development
A
- concrete thinking:
- conservation of matter
- able to have mental representations
- concept of time and body parts
- likes to learn
- interested in friends and school
13
Q
how does hospitalization affect the school age child?
A
- fears:
- concern for physical harm
- separation from friends and school
- loss of control
- procedures: explain more fully
- use books, pictures
- coping:
- reports pain
- will be open to learning distraction techniques
14
Q
developmental approach to adolescents (12-18 yo)
A
- likes independence and autonomy
- capable of abstract thinking
- peer relationships are very important
- crises can be anything that threatens identity or body image
15
Q
adolescents and social activity
A
- friends
- sports
- school activities
- dances, movies, dating
- music
- texting, computer: their communication
- development of “views”–they want their views to be heard and respected
