Lecture 2 Flashcards
1
Q
molecules essential for life
A
- carbohydrates
- nucelotides and nucleic acids
- lipids
- proteins
2
Q
organic molecule
A
-contains carbon
3
Q
biomolecule
A
- organic molecule that is commonly associated with life
- carbohydrates
- lipids
- nucleic acid
- proteins
4
Q
carbohydrates
A
- general formula CnH2nOn
- glucose- C6H12O6
- ribose- C5H10O5
- most hydrophyillc
- very abundant in nature
- end in ose- generally a carb
5
Q
carbohydrate used for structure and energy
A
- almost all eukaryotic cells cann use glucose for energy and can store some form of glucose (monomer or polymer) for energy
- plants and arthopods use carbs as structural molecules
- many protiens and lipids are modified by the addition of carbs
6
Q
nucleotides and nucleic acid
A
- a nucleoide consists of 1 or more phosphate groups, a 5-carbon sugar, and a carbon-nitrogen nitrogenous base
- nitrogenous base can be variable
7
Q
4 types of nucleotide
A
- adenosine
- cytosine
- guanosine
- thymidine
8
Q
adenosine triphosphate
A
- basic molecule of energy storage in most organisms, including mammals
- adenosine monophosphate, adenosine diphosohate
- adenosine (a neurotransmitter0
- cyclic AMP- important signaling molecule WITHIN cells
9
Q
guanosine triphosphate
A
- energy source in many physiological chemical reactions
- guanosine monophosphate, guannosine diphosphate
- cyclic GMP - important signaling molecule WITHIN cells
10
Q
lipids
A
- generally hydrophobic molecules (or have parts)
- contain mostly carbon and hydrogen, few oxygen atoms, nitrogen, phosphorus
11
Q
5 diverse group of molecules
A
- fatty acids
- glycerides
- phospholipids and sphingoloipds
- steriods
- eciosanoids
12
Q
lipids roles
A
- structure of cells
- waterproof: keep insides in outside out
- pliable - energy source
- communication (within cells and between cells)
13
Q
fatty acids
A
- long unbranched hydrocarbon chain with 8-28 carbons with a carboxyl (=acidic)
- saturated fatty acids (no double bonds) form a straight chain
- unsaturated fatty acids (double bonds) have a kink, th more double double bonds, the less likely it will be solid at room temp
14
Q
glycerides
A
- a derivitive of fatty acid
- monoglyceride, diglyceride, and triglycerides
15
Q
phospholipids
A
-a deritivitve of gylceride
-are amphipathic molecules - hates alot of things (water lipids)
polar head- hydrophilic
nonpolar fatty acid tail- hydrophobic
