Lecture 2

Question 1

what is genetics?

~ function

Answer 1

• transferring information
• i.e. parent > daughter cells or human > child
• i.e. DNA > RNA > protein > phenotype
• evolution through generations
• genetics contain information on how to build organisms through cell division and single cells

Question 2

what is genetics?

~ structure

Answer 2

• DNA and RNA
• i.e. how DNA holds/copies info and affects us/ behaviour
• the % difference in genome results in phenotypic + behavioural difference

Question 3

humans

Answer 3

• diploid, eukaryotic linear chromosomes

- 2n = 46

Question 4

other eukaryotes

Answer 4

• have diff # of chromosomes and genomes
• i.e. polyploidy
• i.e. haploid (sex cells, bread mold)
• i.e. tetraploid, triploid (sterile), hexaploid, decaploid

Question 5

extra-nuclear DNA

Answer 5

• mitochondria and chloroplasts have DNA
• symbiotic theory: Xtra DNA from prokaryotic organism DNA
• suggests eukaryotic cell engulfed prokaryotic Mito. and chloro.

Question 6

prokaryotes

Answer 6

• no nuclues or linear DNA but a nucleoid region

- also, plasmids store circular DNA

Question 7

differences between species

Answer 7

[1] different scale (eukary. have bigger complex)
[2] longer non coding region between genes
[3] eukary. have non-coding introns inside genes

Question 8

viruses

Answer 8

• very few genes
• DNA/RNA held in capsid coat with enzymes
• sometimes covered in host cell membrane envelope for camoflague
• they inject, take over host cell to produce viral protein coats and cell makes more DNA/RNA to create more virus

Question 9

chromosomes

Answer 9

• DNA replication turns 1 DNA into 2 identical onces
• the sister chromatids joined at centromere
• homologus pairs made of maternal paternal chromosomes
• homo becuase same length and shape
• during cell division, sister chromatids of replicated chromosomes seperate to become 2 indvidual chromosomes with 1 DNA each