Lecture 2

Question 1

Amblyopia, strabismus, and refractive error are concerns for children of all age groups. T/F?

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Neurological disorders are only a concern in what age group?

Answer 2

infants. (birth to 18 months)

Question 3

Functional BV, Accommodation, color vision, and oculomotor dysfunctions become concerns at what age?

Answer 3

School age (6-18 years)

Question 4

What 3 parts of the case history are unique to a pediatric exam?

Answer 4

Birth History
Delays reaching milestones
Educational History

Question 5

The fix, follow, and maintain monocular/binocular fixation pattern VA test is only used in last resorts because it is not very detailed and is not quantitative. T/F?

Answer 5

True

Question 6

What is the most objective VA test?

Answer 6

VEP

but usually not used clinically b/c its expensive and time-consuming

Question 7

PL overestimates acuity loss due to amblyopia, refractive error, and macular/foveal pathology. T/F?

Answer 7

False.

it underestimates

Question 8

The norms of VA testing in infants come from which method?

Answer 8

Forced choice preferential looking

Question 9

Cardiff cards are used in children of what ages?

Answer 9

over 12 months and up to 3-5 years

Question 10

Using the cardiff cards a 2 year old baby has a VA of 20/80. Is this within the normal range?

Answer 10

YES. (range for 18-24 months = 20/25 - 20/100)

Question 11

What is the range of VA acceptable for children ages 24-30 months?

Answer 11

20/25 - 20/60

Question 12

PL, tumbling E, and Broken Wheel all test resolution acuity. T/F?

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Name 4 tests used for motor evaluation (eye alignment)

Answer 13

Hirschberg
Krimsky
Bruckner
Cover Test

Question 14

Bruckner test provides a lot of information quickly and objectively about the presence what 4 conditions?

Answer 14

Strabismus
Anisometropia
Media Opacities
Pupil size asymmetry

Question 15

What is the most common color vision test used?

Answer 15

PV-16 aka D-15

Question 16

You test the VA of a healthy infant age 15 month, using the Cardiff acuity test. What range do you expect the VA to fall in?

Answer 16

20/50 - 20/120

Question 17

LogMAR letter acuity can be used for children ages 3-7 years of age. T/F?

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Using the LogMAR letter acuity test, a 3 year old is expected to have what VA range?

Answer 18

20/50 - 20/20

Question 19

Using the LogMAR letter acuity test, a 7 year old is expected to have what VA range?

Answer 19

20/30 - 20/10

Question 20

A 3 card difference is considered significant b/w visits if Teller Acuity cards were used. T/F

Answer 20

true. (2 cards+ diff = significant)

Question 21

A 2 line difference is considered significant b/w visits if using senile acuity. T/F

Answer 21

False. (3 lines+ diff = significant)