lecture 2,3 and 4. Flashcards
what is the nervous system composed of
CNS, PNS and the brain
role of a neuron
communicates with other cells and produces electrical impulses which generate action potentials
what are the 4 research methods
connectional, correlational, lesion and stimulation
what are the 2 Connectional Methods
tracing connections and DTI
what are Correlational Methods
making observations about brain activity while someone is performing a task
limit to correlational methods
correlation does not equal causation
how does an mri work
partially magnetises the body which creates a difference in how protons behave
how does an fMRI work
put participant in a scanner and give them a task, neurons are more active so need more oxygen
what is neurophysical testing
measures effects of brain damage on specific cognitive functions
what is single dissociation
patient versus control
what is double dissociation
patient versus patient
what are events that cause lesions
TBI and stroke
what are 2 stimulation methods
DBS and TMS
what is DBS
deep brain stimulation, electrodes implanted in brain
what is TMS
transcranial magnetic stimulation, cap on your head while doing a task
what are the 4 major techniques in studying brain function
single cell recording
ERP
MEG
electroenceophology
what is pure research
conducted for purpose of acquiring knowledge
what is applied research
intended to bring benefit to humans
what is translational research
mix of pure and applied research
what is anchoring bias
overly influenced by single observation
what is confirmation bias
seeking out info that already aligns with our knowledge
what is availability bias
scenario feels more likely when easily recalled
what is the cerebrum
largest and uppermost part of the brain. 2 hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum
what is the cerebral cortex
outer covering of the cerebrum
what is grey matter
stoma and cell bodys
what is white matter
myelin
what are the 4 lobes
occipital
parietal
frontal
temporal
what is the function of parietal lobe
sensory processing and language
what is the function of frontal lobe
movement and higher cognitive functions
what is the function of temporal lobe
auditory processing
role of thalamus
relay station to cerebral cortex
role of hypothalamus
homeostasis
what is the limbic system
brain system for emotion and survival
role of hippocampus
learning and memory, consolidates ST into LT
role of amygdala
emotional processing
role of mammillary bodies
aspects of memory
role of basal ganglia
involved with motor control and learning
what does the hindbrain consist of
brain stem, pons, medulla oblongata, midbrain
role of pons
sleep and arousal
role of medulla oblongata
regulation of cardiovascular system
function of soma
integrates info that came from dendrite
function of axons
conduct info
function of axon terminals
outputting info across the synapse
name the 2 different neurons
sensory (afferent) and motor (Efferent)
function of glia
myelin sheath, transport nutrients to neurons
who discovered neurotransmission
Otto Loewi
explain how neurotransmission works
there is a gap between neurons called the synaptic cleft. neurotransmitters release their effect by binding to receptors. this action can be excitatory, inhibitory or modulatory.
how does action potentials work
at rest there is a high amount of sodium outside the cell and a small amount inside. opposite is the case for potassium. once a cell reaches its potential it will fire causing sodium to go in and potassium to go out. this signal is passed down the membrane causing other action potentials
another name for action potentials
polarisation and depolarisation.
