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Brain and Behaviour year 1 > lecture 2,3 and 4. > Flashcards

lecture 2,3 and 4. Flashcards

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The Brain flashcards
1
Q

what is the nervous system composed of

A

CNS, PNS and the brain

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2
Q

role of a neuron

A

communicates with other cells and produces electrical impulses which generate action potentials

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3
Q

what are the 4 research methods

A

connectional, correlational, lesion and stimulation

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4
Q

what are the 2 Connectional Methods

A

tracing connections and DTI

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5
Q

what are Correlational Methods

A

making observations about brain activity while someone is performing a task

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6
Q

limit to correlational methods

A

correlation does not equal causation

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7
Q

how does an mri work

A

partially magnetises the body which creates a difference in how protons behave

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8
Q

how does an fMRI work

A

put participant in a scanner and give them a task, neurons are more active so need more oxygen

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9
Q

what is neurophysical testing

A

measures effects of brain damage on specific cognitive functions

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10
Q

what is single dissociation

A

patient versus control

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11
Q

what is double dissociation

A

patient versus patient

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12
Q

what are events that cause lesions

A

TBI and stroke

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13
Q

what are 2 stimulation methods

A

DBS and TMS

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14
Q

what is DBS

A

deep brain stimulation, electrodes implanted in brain

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15
Q

what is TMS

A

transcranial magnetic stimulation, cap on your head while doing a task

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16
Q

what are the 4 major techniques in studying brain function

A

single cell recording
ERP
MEG
electroenceophology

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17
Q

what is pure research

A

conducted for purpose of acquiring knowledge

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18
Q

what is applied research

A

intended to bring benefit to humans

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19
Q

what is translational research

A

mix of pure and applied research

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20
Q

what is anchoring bias

A

overly influenced by single observation

21
Q

what is confirmation bias

A

seeking out info that already aligns with our knowledge

22
Q

what is availability bias

A

scenario feels more likely when easily recalled

23
Q

what is the cerebrum

A

largest and uppermost part of the brain. 2 hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum

24
Q

what is the cerebral cortex

A

outer covering of the cerebrum

25
Q

what is grey matter

A

stoma and cell bodys

26
Q

what is white matter

A

myelin

27
Q

what are the 4 lobes

A

occipital
parietal
frontal
temporal

28
Q

what is the function of parietal lobe

A

sensory processing and language

29
Q

what is the function of frontal lobe

A

movement and higher cognitive functions

30
Q

what is the function of temporal lobe

A

auditory processing

31
Q

role of thalamus

A

relay station to cerebral cortex

32
Q

role of hypothalamus

A

homeostasis

33
Q

what is the limbic system

A

brain system for emotion and survival

34
Q

role of hippocampus

A

learning and memory, consolidates ST into LT

35
Q

role of amygdala

A

emotional processing

36
Q

role of mammillary bodies

A

aspects of memory

37
Q

role of basal ganglia

A

involved with motor control and learning

38
Q

what does the hindbrain consist of

A

brain stem, pons, medulla oblongata, midbrain

39
Q

role of pons

A

sleep and arousal

40
Q

role of medulla oblongata

A

regulation of cardiovascular system

41
Q

function of soma

A

integrates info that came from dendrite

42
Q

function of axons

A

conduct info

43
Q

function of axon terminals

A

outputting info across the synapse

44
Q

name the 2 different neurons

A

sensory (afferent) and motor (Efferent)

45
Q

function of glia

A

myelin sheath, transport nutrients to neurons

46
Q

who discovered neurotransmission

A

Otto Loewi

47
Q

explain how neurotransmission works

A

there is a gap between neurons called the synaptic cleft. neurotransmitters release their effect by binding to receptors. this action can be excitatory, inhibitory or modulatory.

48
Q

how does action potentials work

A

at rest there is a high amount of sodium outside the cell and a small amount inside. opposite is the case for potassium. once a cell reaches its potential it will fire causing sodium to go in and potassium to go out. this signal is passed down the membrane causing other action potentials

49
Q

another name for action potentials

A

polarisation and depolarisation.

Brain and Behaviour year 1 (1 decks)

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