Lecture 2 Flashcards
One dimensional model
Attributes causes of behaviour to a single cause
Multi-dimensional model
attributes causes of behaviour to several causes
Diathesis-stress model
individuals are assumed to inherit certain vulnerabilities that make them susceptible to a disorder when the right kind of stressor comes along
Gene-environment correlation model
Individual’s genetic vulnerability toward a certain disorder may make it more likely that he will experience the stessor that in turn triggers the genetic vulnerability and thus the disorder
Epigenetics
The immediate effects of the environment (such as early stressful experiences) influence cells that turn specific genes on or off. This effect may be passed down through several generations
Neuroscience Psychopathology
Neurotransmitters: Agonists, antagonists, inverse agonists.
Glutamate and GABA
Serotonin
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Implications for Psychopathology
Psychological disorders mix emotions, behavioural and cognitive symptoms
Genetic contributions to neurotransmitters
Behaviour & Cognition Social Learning
Social Learning: Modelling, observational learning. Prepared learning
Selective Learning
Learning behaviours that protect us
Learned Helplessness
The lack of behaviour shown by an organism when it encounters conditions over which control is possible
Emotion and Behaviour
Basic patterns of emotional behaviour (freeze, escape, approach, attack) that differ in fundamental ways.
Emotional behaviour is a means of communication
Cognitive Aspects of Emotion
Appraisals, attributions and other ways of processing the world around you that are fundamental to emotional experience
Physiology of Emotion
Emotion is a brain function involving (generally) the more primitive brain areas.
Direct connection between these areas and the eyes may allow emotional processing to bypass the influence of higher cognitive processes
Emotion disruption (dysregulation)
Dysregulation interferes with behaviour possibly resulting in: Panic
Mania
Bipolar disorder
Depression
Lifespan Development
Experiences at different periods of development influence vulnerability to stress and other psychological problems
Social Determinants of Psychopathology
Poverty and Mental Health
Discrimination and marginalization
Family dynamics and attachment
Cultural norms and beliefs
Bio-Psycho-Social Model
The principle of Equifinality: “Different paths can result from the interaction of psychological and biological factors during various stages of development”
