LECTURE 2 Flashcards
What are diagrams used for?
Visual representation of data using geometrical shapes like bars or circles.
What are the main merits of diagrams?
- Attractive 2. Simple to understand 3. Efficient 4. Comprehensive 5. Impactful 6. Universal 7. Widely used.
What are the limitations of diagrams?
- Approximation issues 2. Scalability problems 3. Require expertise for some types 4. Misleading scales.
What is a simple bar diagram used for?
Comparing a single characteristic of different groups.
What is an example of a simple bar diagram?
Yield performance of different crop varieties.
What is a multiple bar diagram used for?
Comparing multiple characteristics across groups.
What is an example of a multiple bar diagram?
Production of food grains, vegetables, and others over years.
What is a component bar diagram also called?
Subdivided bar diagram.
What is a component bar diagram used for?
Displaying components of a total, stacked on top of each other.
What is an example of a component bar diagram?
Sales, gross profit, and net profit represented for each year.
What is a percentage bar diagram?
Bar diagram where components are converted to percentages to show relative proportions.
What is an example of a percentage bar diagram?
Sales components shown as percentages of total sales for different years.
What is a pie chart?
A circular diagram divided into sectors representing proportions of a total.
What is the formula to calculate angles for a pie chart?
Angle (in degrees) = (Value of the component / Total value) × 360.
What are the steps to draw a pie chart?
- Calculate angles using the formula 2. Draw a circle 3. Divide into sectors based on angles 4. Label sectors.
What is a pictogram?
A diagram using icons or images to represent data quantities.
What are statistical maps or cartograms?
Diagrams representing data geographically, e.g., population density maps.
What are the advantages of diagrams in representing statistical data?
- Simplify complex data 2. Facilitate comparisons 3. Attract attention 4. Leave a lasting impression 5. Require no technical expertise.
In a component bar diagram, the length of the bar depends on what?
The total value.
In a percentage bar diagram, the length of the bars will always be equal. True or False?
True.
What is the main difference between component and percentage bar diagrams?
Component bar diagrams show raw values; percentage bar diagrams show proportions as percentages.
What is the main difference between a simple and multiple bar diagram?
Simple bar diagrams show one characteristic; multiple bar diagrams compare multiple characteristics.
Subdivided bar diagrams are also known as what?
Component bar diagrams.
What is the first step in drawing a pie chart?
Calculate angles for each component using the formula: (Value of the component / Total value) × 360.
What is the purpose of converting data to percentages in a percentage bar diagram?
To make meaningful comparisons of relative proportions.
What are the disadvantages of diagrams?
- Approximation issues 2. Scalability distortions 3. Require expertise 4. Misleading scales for laypersons.
In a component bar diagram, the length of the bar:
Depends on the total.
The length of the bar will be the same for all categories in which diagram?
Percentage bar diagram.
Sub-divided bar diagrams are also called what?
Component bar diagrams.
The multiple bar diagram is the extension of which diagram?
Simple bar diagram.
In a bar diagram, the width of the bars should:
Be equal.
In a percentage bar diagram, the length of the bars will not be equal. True or False?
False.
How are diagrams useful in representing statistical data?
- Simplify complex data 2. Facilitate comparisons 3. Attract attention 4. Leave a lasting impression 5. Require no technical expertise.
How to draw a pie chart?
- Calculate angles using the formula: (Value of the component / Total value) × 360 2. Draw a circle 3. Divide into sectors based on angles 4. Label each sector.
Explain how to draw simple and multiple bar diagrams.
- Simple Bar Diagram: Draw vertical bars with equal width and height proportional to data values. 2. Multiple Bar Diagram: Grouped bars represent different characteristics in each category.
Explain how to draw component and percentage bar diagrams.
- Component Bar Diagram: Stack components of a total on top of each other to form a single bar. 2. Percentage Bar Diagram: Convert components into percentages and stack them in a 100%-length bar.
