Lecture 2

Question 1

Binocular vision

Answer 1

• Two eyes
• Overlaping of the central visual fields
• Three-dimensional vision = depth vision
  
  • Essential for fast-moving animals, for hunters
  • Reduction of peripheral vision

Question 2

Color vision

Answer 2

• Prosimians have bichromatic vision (blue and green)
• New world monkeys: quite differently
  
  • Marmosets, tamarins, spider monkeys:
    
    • Males and most of the females have bichrimatic vision
    • 40% of females have trochromacy color visoin
  • Night monkeys have monochromatic vision
• Old world monkeys: trichromatic vision ( blue, green, red)
  
  • To see fruits among leaves easier?
  • To distinguish between ripe and unripe fruits easier?
  • To see genital swelling and ovulation easier?

Question 3

Longevity

Answer 3

• Most often bigger species live longer

Question 4

Social animals

Answer 4

• Socialization with other members of the group
• Vocalisation, self-display
• Personal and mutually taking care of individuals

Question 5

Bigger brain regions for

Answer 5

• Palms and fingers agility -> skillfulness
• Eyes and palms coordination
• Depth perception

Question 6

Movement (locomotion)

Answer 6

• Very flexible shoulder joint
• Strong clavicle
• Effective usage of hands during climbing

Question 7

Tendency to erect posture

Answer 7

• Noticable in seated position
• Occasional bipedalism

Question 8

Types of locomotion

Answer 8

• Walking on all four extremities - long hind extremities
• Climbing and jumping on trees - long hind extremities
• Climbing with gripping tail or usage of tail for balance
• Walking on hand knuckles
• Brachiation-hanging on arms
• Occasionally walking on hind extremities arms
• Walking on the ground - front extremities are as ling as hind

Question 9

Immunologically similarity between humans and other primates

Answer 9

• Chimpanzees have the same disseases as humans
  
  • The same duration and the same course of illness
• This points to the similarity of immune system
• Precipitous reaction
  
  • Method for defining immunologically affinity of species
  • Connection: antigen-antibody
• Albumins = plasma proteins - antigen
  
  • Purified human albumins are injected in a rabbit
    
    • Formation of antibodies
  • If we mix rabbit’s antibodies with primate’s blood
    
    • Precipitous reaction