Lecture 2

Question 1

what does metadata provide?(4)

Answer 1

data information; the source, how it was collected, the accuracy and limitations.

Question 2

What are some trusted sources of metadata?

Answer 2

National mapping agencies provide detailed metadata, which ensures data quality

Question 3

issues with open source portals?

Answer 3

hard to assess the data quality as it lacks comprehensive metadata

Question 4

limitations of traditional sources?

Answer 4

converting from analogue into digital representation

Question 5

what are open source portals?

Answer 5

web and GIS digital data

Question 6

why is metadata important?

Answer 6

for reliable analysis, it is crucial to know the data precision, capture timing, accuracy

Question 7

what are some characteristics of digital map data?

Answer 7

can be topographic, thematic, multiple or single layer, semantically deep or shallow, and can be directly imported to GIS (can be expensive)

Question 8

what is often checked in regards to digital map data?

Answer 8

spatial correctness

Question 9

limitations of digital map data

Answer 9

missing data (especially open sources), doesn’t always reflect the quality of the data, lacks standardisation of sources therefore can difficult to compare

Question 10

strengths of digital map data

Answer 10

tr4usted sources (national mapping agencies eg) provide comprehensive information about data. accurate DMD enhances credibility for data analysis. DMD means users can assess the suitability for their needs.

Question 11

what do I want to know about DMD?

Answer 11

the source (who, when), the accuracy and precision, and limitations and biases.

Question 12

What are some remote sensing sources?

Answer 12

Satellites, and drones

Question 13

what is the range of data available from RS

Answer 13

from high-resolution images to global coverage datasets

Question 14

richest from of data collection?

Answer 14

remote sensing

Question 15

what must be considered for each task requiring RS data?

Answer 15

decide on data resolution, and the spatial coverage needed. also, the wavelength, and application suitability

Question 16

why do you need to understand model types?

Answer 16

for appropriate data selection

Question 17

what are some RS data model types?

Answer 17

digital elevation, 3D, and surface models

Question 18

strengths of RS data

Answer 18

wide coverage (local->global scales). provide data for in-accessible areas. technology advancements = improvement in data resolution therefore utility in applications

Question 19

what do I want to know about RS data?

Answer 19

spatial/spectral resolution, method of capture and timing for interpreting temporal changes, knowledge of wavelengths so I know what features may/may not be detectable.

Question 20

example of SE survey

Answer 20

census

Question 21

SE give information on what?

Answer 21

populations, households, employment, travel

Question 22

what is the basis of SE data?

Answer 22

characteristics about humans, usually relating to location

Question 23

what are some SE data limitations?

Answer 23

infrequent updates, biases, and estimates needed to capture changes.

Question 24

what is SE adaptations?

Answer 24

thinking about factors on the area that may impair/affect results (Covid etc.) and also affect reliability/representativeness

Question 25

strengths of SE data?

Answer 25

comprehensive data about populations, demographics, households etc. longitudinal studies = show trends over time = aid in policy making.

Question 26

what do I want know about SE data?

Answer 26

frequency + any estimations made between survey periods representativeness = reliability of data. consider impact of external factors (flu, natural disasters etc)

Question 27

what is direct collection for field observations?

Answer 27

gathering first hand data, observations, using specialised equipment

Question 28

what is the importance of using the correct equipment for data collection?

Answer 28

to make sure equipment with correct spec. is used, and accuracy, sensitivity for the measurements, and also poor equipment will give poor results. some require GPS/GNSS

Question 29

what are some crucial things for field data collection?

Answer 29

calibration and validation of the devices used.

Question 30

limitations of field data?

Answer 30

subject to human error, equipment and environment. equipment sensitivity etc affect what data can be collected. validation/calibration/standardisation are time consuming but necessary

Question 31

what do I want to know about field data?

Answer 31

sensitivity/reliability of equipment … assess data quality. understand calibrations etc. consider environmental conditions that may cause error in interpreting data accurately

Question 32

why is evaluation and validation of data types important?

Answer 32

for reliability and accuracy