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BMS100 Neuroanatomy > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 membranes of connective tissue collectively known as?

A

meninges

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2
Q

What are the 3 layers of connective tissue that surround the CNS (from outside to inside)?

A
  • dura mater
  • arachnoid matter
  • pia matter
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3
Q

Thick layer of dense connective tissue that attaches to the inner surface of the neurocranium in the skull

A

dura mater

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4
Q

What separates the the dura mater from the walls of the vertebral canal?

A

epidural space

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5
Q

What are the 3 layers of protection of the CNS?

A
  • bone
  • connective tissue
  • fluid (CSF)
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6
Q

When is the epidural space present in the brain?

A

during signs of pathology (ex., direct skull trauma)

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7
Q

What are the two layers of dura that make up the dura mater?

A
  • outer periosteal layer
  • inner meningeal layer
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8
Q

What layer of dura is attached to the inner surface of the cranial cavities?

A

periosteal layer

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9
Q

What is the space called between the dura mater & arachnoid mater?

A

subdural space

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10
Q

When is subdural space present?

A

only during pathology

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11
Q

What is between the arachnoid mater & pia mater?

A

subarachnoid space

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12
Q

In which space do you find CSF?

A

subarachnoid space

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13
Q

At certain locations the meningeal layer separates itself from the periosteal layer and folds inwards creating what?

A

dural folds/reflections

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14
Q

What are the main things that drain the venous blood of brain to the circulatory system?

A

dural sinuses

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15
Q

Which fold divides the two hemispheres of cerebrum?

A

falx cerebri

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16
Q

What divides the cerebrum from the cerebellum?

A

tentorium cerebelli

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17
Q

What divides the 2 hemispheres of the cerebellum?

A

falx cerebelli

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18
Q

Pair of sinuses located in middle cranial fossa on either side of the hypophyseal fossa of the sphenoid bone & collect venous blood of orbital cavity contents (mouth, face, nose, eye)

A

Cavernous sinuses

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19
Q

Where are the inferior & superior sagittal sinuses located?

A

within superior & inferior margins of falx cerebri

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20
Q

What does the superior sagittal sinus receive cranial blood from?

A

superior aspects of brain

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21
Q

What does the inferior sagittal sinus receive blood from?

A

deep within & around diencephalon

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22
Q

What sinus receives blood from the inferior sagittal sinus?

A

straight sinus

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23
Q

Which sinuses receive blood from the superior sagittal & straight sinus?

A

confluence sinuse

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24
Q

Where are the transverse sinuses located?

A

posterior margin of tentorium cerebelli

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25
Q

What receives blood from the confluence sinus?

A

transverse sinuses

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26
Q

What receives blood from the transverse sinus?

A

sigmoid sinuses

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27
Q

Where are the sigmoid sinuses located?

A

groove on interior surface of mastoid process of temporal bones

28
Q

What does the sigmoid sinuses drain into?

A

internal jugular vein

29
Q

Smaller protrusions of arachnoid through dura mater

A

arachnoid villus/granulations

30
Q

What does the arachnoid granulations allow for?

A

draining of CSF so it can enter venous circulation

31
Q

When does subarachnoid space end?

A

vertebra S2

32
Q

Which layer of meninge is adhered to neural tissue?

A

pia mater

33
Q

Which layer of meninge of the brain carried blood vessels?

A

pia mater

34
Q

What are the 2 differences between the meninges of the spinal cord and the meninges of the brain?

A
  • epidural space is present
  • dura mater only has one layer
35
Q

What is the one layer of dura mater in the spinal cord?

A

meningeal layer

36
Q

What is the dura sac made of?

A

dura & arachnoid mater

37
Q

Where does the dural sac attach to?

A
  • Foramen magnum
  • C1-C2
  • Level of S2
38
Q

Enlargement of subarachnoid space b/w conus medullaris (~L2) & end of dural sac (~S2) due to end of spinal cord

A

Lumbar cistern

39
Q

In which area of the spinal cord is the spinal tap (lumbar puncture) done?

A

lumbar cistern

40
Q

Thickenings of pia mater suspending spinal cord in middle of its dural sheath

A

denticulate ligaments

41
Q

Where are the denticulate ligaments positioned?

A

b/w each spinal nerve root

42
Q

Extension of pia mater that anchors conus medullaris & dural sac to coccyx

A

Filum terminale

43
Q

Conus medullaris

A

End of spinal cord
- L1/2 in adults
- L4 in children

44
Q

Cauda equina

A

Remaining spinal nerves (continue after cord has ended)

45
Q

What are 4 components of the ventricular system of the CNS?

A
  • 2 lateral ventricles
  • 3rd ventricle
  • cerebral aqueduct
  • 4th ventricle
46
Q

How are the lateral ventricles connected to the 3rd ventricle?

A

interventricular foramen

47
Q

What connects the 3rd ventricle to the 4th ventricle?

A

cerebral aqueduct

48
Q

Where is the cerebral aqueduct located?

A

through midbrain b/w 3rd & 4th ventricle

49
Q

T/F: 2 lateral ventricles are found in all 4 lobes of brain

A

true

50
Q

Where is the 3rd ventricle located?

A

b/w thalamic nuclei (diencephalon)

51
Q

Where is the 4th ventricle located?

A

b/w pons & cerebellum

52
Q

What is the 4th ventricle connected to inferiorlt?

A

central canal

53
Q

What are the foramen that connect the 4th ventricle to the subarachnoid space?

A
  • 2 lateral apertures
  • 1 median aperture
54
Q

Specialized arterial plexuses located within the ventricular spaces & produce CSF from arterial blood

A

choroid plexuses

55
Q

What are the 2 primary blood supply systems?

A
  • carotid system
  • vertebra-basilar system
56
Q

What are the 3 branches of the carotid system (internal carotid artery)?

A
  • middle cerebral artery
  • anterior cerebral artery
  • anterior communicating artery
57
Q

Which arteries make up the circle of willis?

A
  • anterior cerebral artery
  • anterior communicating artery
  • internal carotid artery
  • posterior communicating artery
  • posterior cerebral artery
58
Q

What are the branches of the vertebra-basilar system?

A
  • vertebral arteries
  • basilar artery
  • posterior cerebral artery
  • posterior communicating arteries
  • posterior anterior inferior cerebellar artery
  • superior cerebellar
59
Q

Which artery of the vertebra-basilar system would cause occipital lobe-cortical blindness if damaged?

A

posterior cerebral artery

60
Q

Which artery of the vertebra-basilar system is most likely at risk for injury?

A

posterior anterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

61
Q

Which arteries of the vertebra-basilar system cover the brainstem?

A
  • posterior anterior infereior cerebellar artery
  • superior cerebellar
62
Q

T/F: Single anterior spinal artery is able to supply/do more than the 2 posterior spinal arteries

A

True

63
Q

The anterior and posterior spinal arteries receive supplemented blood from which arteries?

A
  • intercostal artery (at thoracic level)
  • lumbar artery (at lumbar level)
64
Q

Which arteries supply 1/3 of the spinal cord?

A

posterior spinal arteries

65
Q

Which artery supplies 2/3 of the spinal cord?

A

anterior spinal artery

BMS100 Neuroanatomy (6 decks)

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