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GE 10 > LECTURE 2 > Flashcards

LECTURE 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Process of determining the extent,
size or dimensions of a particular
quantity in comparison to a given
standard

A

Measurement

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2
Q

Entails the entire process of obtaining a desired quantity

A

Measurement

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3
Q

Single, unadjusted determination of a linear or angular value

A

Observation

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4
Q

Difference between the measured or calculated value of a quantity and given or established (“true”) value of that
quantity

A

Error

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5
Q

Negative of error

A

Correction

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6
Q

Source of error caused by variations in the phenomena of nature

A

Natural error

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7
Q

Source of error due to imperfections in the instruments used, either from faults in construction or improper adjustments

A

Instrumental error

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8
Q

Source of error that arise principally from the limitations of the senses of sight, touch and hearing of the observer

A

Personal error

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9
Q

Type of error that is gross in magnitude compared to the other types of errors.

A

Blunders/Mistakes

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10
Q

Error due to simple carelessness on the part of the observer

A

Blunder/Mistakes

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11
Q

Error that occur according to some deterministic system which, when known, can be expressed by some functional relationship.

A

Systematic/Cumulative Error

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12
Q

Error caused by physical and natural
conditions that vary in accordance with known mathematical or physical laws

A

Systematic/Cumulative Error

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13
Q

Type of systematic error in which magnitude and sign remains the same throughout the measuring process/field conditions are unchanged

A

Constant Error

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14
Q

Type of systematic error in which the sign changes while its magnitude remains the same

A

Counteracting

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15
Q

Error produced by irregular causes
that are beyond the control of the observer

A

Random/Accidental Error

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16
Q

Errors which have no known functional
relationship based upon a deterministic system

A

Random/Accidental Error

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17
Q

It aids in decision making and summarizes data for public use

A

Statistics

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18
Q

Give one general use of statistics

A
  • Provides comparison
  • Justifies a claim or assertion
  • Predicts future outcome
  • Estimates unknown quantities
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19
Q

Degree of refinement and consistency of the performance of an operation used to obtain the result

A

Precision

20
Q

Measure of uniformity of the result

A

Precision

21
Q

Degree of conformity with a standard/accepted value

A

Accuracy

22
Q

Denotes how close a given measurement is to the absolute value of the quantity

A

Accuracy

23
Q

Identify which type of error is made:

Reading the wrong graduation
on the tape

A

Blunder

24
Q

Identify which type of error is made:

Omitting a whole length of
tape

A

Blunder

25
Q

Identify which type of error is made:

Misplacing a decimal point

A

Blunder

26
Q

Identify which type of error is made:

Incorrect recording of field
notes

A

Blunder

27
Q

Identify which type of error is made:

Sighting the wrong target

A

Blunder

28
Q

Identify which type of error is made:

Equipment out of calibration

A

Systematic Error

29
Q

Identify which type of error is made:

Personal biases of the observer

A

Systematic Error

30
Q

Identify which type of error is made:

Use of incorrect units (feet instead of
meters)

A

Systematic Error

31
Q

the likelihood associated with a random event

A

probability

32
Q

a variable that takes on any of several possible values, with each of which is associated a probability

A

Random variable

33
Q

relative frequency of occurrence approaches a stable limit as the number of
observations/repetitions of an experiment is increased to infinity

A

Random event

34
Q

constructed to represent the probability density of a single random variable.

A

Histogram

35
Q

constructed to represent the probability density of two random variables.

A

Stereogram

36
Q

In measures of central tendency, it is the positional middle of the arrayed data

A

Median

37
Q

Measure of central tendency affected by the position of each item but not by the value of each item

A

Median

38
Q

Mean is also known as __________

A

Most Probable Value (MPV)

39
Q

Sum of all the values of the observations divided by the number of observations

A

Mean

40
Q

Value that occurs most frequently in the sample

A

Mode

41
Q

Value of observation that is midway along the range

A

Midrange

42
Q

Arithmetic mean of the largest and smallest
observations

A

Midrange

43
Q

Defined as the difference between any measured quantity and its most probable value (MPV)

A

Residual

44
Q

Parameter of dispersion or spread

A

Standard deviation and variance

45
Q

A quantity which, when added to and subtracted from the MPV, defines a range within which there is 50% chance that the true value lies inside (or outside) the limits

A

Probable Error

46
Q

Expressed by a fraction having the magnitude of the error in the numerator and the magnitude of a measured quantity in the denominator

A

Relative (Error) Precision

GE 10 (6 decks)

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