Lecture 2 Flashcards
collection of raw facts, numbers, letters, symbols, or any combination of these that, when arranged, provide a result
data
data that is made meaningful based on the needs of the user through manipulation
information
information in computer terms
processed data
describable qualities of information
- relevant
- complete
- timely
- accurate
- presentable
- cost-effective
must be important to the person receiving or using it
relevant
no vital information should be omitted
complete
information must be available when needed
timely
validity or information is necessary for sound-decision making
accurate
good presentation makes information more understandable
presentable
only essential data processing should be carried out
cost effective
conceptual framework where input data is processed resulting in an output in the form of information
input-process-output model (IPO)
series of activities that transforms data into information in some way since men have been able to communciate
data processing
data processing methods
- manual data processing
- mechanical data processing
- electromechanical data processing
objectives of data processing
data processing model
implies the extended use of human labor in the processing of data
manual data processing
involves the use of machines or devices that alter transmit and direct applied forces
mechanical data processing
has proven superior capacity to perform computations and other functions at incredible speeds
electromechanical data processing
four basic functions
- input preparation
- processing
- output preparation
- storage and feedback
source documents are collected into a form acceptable for digital processing
input preparation
actual operations are performed on data to convert it into information
processing
processed information is prepared in a format acceptable to the user for analysis or as an input for a second cycle
output preparation
result of the processed data is stored for future use or retrieval
storage and feedback
digital electronic device that processes data through a series of commands into information for reproduction and storage
computer
machine or electronic circuit designed to work on numerical data represented by some physical quantity
analog computers
processes information in digital form
digital computer
aka nanotech; manipulation of matter on an atomic and molecular scale
nanotechnology
capabilities of computers
- perform arithmetic and logical operations
- store or remember a great amount and variety of information and retrieve or recall the information needed almost instantly
- handle large volumes of repetitive tasks accurately over long periods of time
- communicate with its operators and other machines
- remote processing
limitations of computers
- still subject to human direction and control
- can detect but generally cannot correct an inaccurate entry on their own
- subject to occasional breakdown or computer malfunctions
computer system components
- dataware
- hardware
- software
- peopleware
systematically and organized collection of data and procedures relevant to the organization
dataware
includes the physical components of a computer
hardware
where the network of computers is connected to
topology
basic parts of a computer
- computer case
- monitor
- keyboard
- mouse
- cpu
- motherboard
- power supply unit
- random access memory (RAM)
- hard drive
- usb flash drive
- expansion cards
- video card
- sound card
- network card
collection of computer programs and procedures that make the hardware components perform their functions
software
collection of programs that sets the platform or environment to allow a computer system to function and manage its own operations
operating system (OS)
OS designed specifically for mobile devices
- apple ios
- windows phone
- google android
3 most common OS for personal computers
- microsoft windows
- apple mac OS X
- linux
introduced an operating environment named Windows as an add-on to MS-DOS
microsoft windows
series of Unix-based graphical interface operating systems developed and marketed by Apple Inc
apple mac OS X
family of open source operating systems that can be modified and distributed by anyone around the world
linux
visual way of interacting with a computer using items such as windows, icons, and menus, and everything is clearly displayed on the screen using a combination of graphics and text
graphical user interface
type of software that allows performing specific tasks
application or apps
personnel who manage and use the computer system, who design the applications and systems software, who write and encode the programs
peopleware
types of peopleware
- administrator
- project manager
- systems analyst / designer
- network engineer
- network administrator
- database administrator
- computer engineer
- computer programmer
- computer operator / user / data encoder
global system of interconnected computer networks providing email and information
internet
group of two or more computer systems linked together
network
common types of network
- local area network (LAN)
- wide area network (WAN)
from one station to another within the office, building, campus, or site
LAN
from one locality to another within the country
WAN
computer that “serves” many different computers in a network by running specialized software and storing information
server
stored on servers
web pages
software needed in order to find, retrieve, view, and send information over the internet
web browsers
virtual network of web sites connected that let you link to many sites on the internet
world wide web
a site (location) on the www
website
have links that allow the user to quickly move from one document to another even when the documents are stored in different computers
html
html =
hypertext markup language
typing this in a browser enables one to get to a webpage
url
url =
uniform resource locator
parts of the url
- http://
- www
- .cnn.com
usually offer different levels of speed based on your needs
internet service providers (ISP)
electronic device that connects computers via a telephone line
modem
hardware device that allow to connect several computers and other devices to a single internet connection
router
types of internet connection
- dial-up
- DSL (digital subscriber line)
- cable
- satellite
- 3G & 4G
- Slower than internet connection types
- Cannot use internet & phone at the same time
dial-up
- much faster than dial-up
- Internet & phone can be used at the same time
DSL
- much faster than dial-up & can be faster than DSL
- Uses cable connection
- Only available when cable is available
cable
- faster than dial-up but data is delayed; not good for real-time applications like gaming &
video conference - Connect via satellites
satellite
Available for mobile phones, computer & tablet computers
3G & 4G
site can be used for business networking
- internet telephone
- allows a user to have telephone service through an internet connection
voice over internet protocol (VoIP)
- short for web log
- journal (online diary)
blog
- short for electronic mail
- system for sending and receiving messages online
plays while downloading so you don’t have to wait for it to download first
streaming
type of website that allows content to be edited
wiki
system that allows users to communicate in real time
online chat
refers to online services that allow people to interact with each other and stay connected with friends, family, and people around the world
social networking
allows users all over the internet to save and share interesting sites
social bookmarking
can subscribe to a series of audio or video files that will automatically be downloaded to a computer
podcast
