Lecture 2

Question 1

What is the one common characteristic all protists share (i.e. why are they grouped into this Kingdom?

Answer 1

They are eukaryotes and they are not a plant or a fungi and not an animal.

Question 2

Which statement describes a difference between bacteria and early eukaryotes (such as the amoeboid Pelomyxa palustris)?

Answer 2

Bacteria- unicellular microorganism
Early eukaryotes- they did not have mitochondria but they lack some other type of complexive turnal membranes

Question 3

Which statement describes (internally and metabolically) the first hypothesized eukaryotic organism? (look to all the information we discussed on Pelomyxa palustris)

Answer 3

organism evolved from a single cell non photosynthetic organism

Question 4

According to the video How Did Cells Evolve into Multicellular Organisms, how long ago did life show up on earth? How long ago did unicellular organisms start “sticking together?”

Answer 4

2 billion years, 1.5 to 2 billion years ago

Question 5

According to the video How Did Cells Evolve into Multicellular Organisms, why are living organisms limited by size (why can your cells only grow to a certain size)?

Answer 5

If you can’t get enough nutrients

less energy used

Question 6

According to the video How Did Cells Evolve into Multicellular Organisms, what is the advantage of being multicellular compared to unicellular?

Answer 6

Survive in places you couldn’t before,

Live longer because bits of you can die and be replaced, and the cells that become the next generation are protected

Question 7

According to the video How Did Cells Evolve into Multicellular Organisms, is humans have a trillion cells in their bodies, why do we only use an egg and sperm to reproduce?

Answer 7

every cell in our offspring is genetically identical. So our cells don’t end up competing with themselves.

Question 8

Which statement accurately describes the theory of endosymbiosis?

Answer 8

Aerobic bacteria were thought to become mitochondria over generations of time when they were bulked by ancestral eukaryotic cells

Question 9

How are purple nonsulfur bacteria and mitochondria of eukaryotes similar? (know the information we discussed on slide four)

Answer 9

Because they can do oxidative metabolism in the exact same way. They also look physically the same.

Question 10

One of the main questions the scientific community had regarding the endosymbiosis theory is how did the mitochondrial genes transfer over time if all these organisms originally did was eat these bacteria?

Answer 10

A lot of their genes inside our chromosomes have an on and off switch when to replicate

Question 11

How are most bacteria and mitochondria similar? (know the information we discussed on slide five)

Answer 11

they can do transcription and translation the same
Bacteria can replicate and sort there DNA

Question 12

Why are chloroplast also theorized to originally be bacteria which were incorporated into certain plant and algae eukaryotes?

Answer 12

They believed that the chloroplast are also in thought have on gone by endosymbiosis and come from photosynthetic bacteria

Question 13

Why are centrioles also theorized to originally be bacteria which were incorporated into animal eukaryotic cells?

Answer 13

There was probably not one single endosymbiosis event there was multiply different types

Question 14

Which statement describes the cell surface of some protists?

Answer 14

Plasma membrane, silica or other covering and cell surface is so varied

Question 15

Which statement does not describe a type of locomotor organelles used by protists?

Answer 15

There is no common thread for the ability of them to do just some can move and some don’t

Question 16

Some protists can form a cyst. Which statement describes the definition of a cyst or why it forms?

Answer 16

You get rid of all the moisture in you, you going to have your DNA in your nucleus and all your organelles squish together and once condition are good, you would start to germinate and grow again

Question 17

Protists can complete every form of metabolism (depending upon the species) except ____________, which can only be completed by bacteria. Fill in the blank.

Answer 17

chemoautotroph

Question 18

Regarding the way a protist gains nutrition, protists can be phototrophs, phagotrophs, or osmotrophs. Which statement does not accurately describe these forms of gaining energy?

Answer 18

There isn’t one way to get energy, there metabolic abilities are very vary they don’t have anything in common and they can do every type of metabolism out there except chemoautotroph

Question 19

Which statement does not list a type of asexual reproduction completed by a variety of protists?

Answer 19

1. Binary fission
2. Budding
3. Schizogony (multiple buddings)

Question 20

Can some protists utilize sexual reproduction and, if so, when would they most likely use this method?

Answer 20

Under stress

Question 21

Which statement describes the characteristics of protists found within the Supergroup Excavata?

Answer 21

First supergroup, have to have a groove on one side of the cell body in some form

Question 22

Which statement describes the characteristics of protists found within the Superphylum Chromalveolata (within Supergroup SAR)?

Answer 22

Falls under (rhizara not photosynthetic) stramenopiles and alveolates, they are photosynthetic

Question 23

Which statement describes the characteristics of protists found within the Superphylum Rhizaria (within Supergroup SAR) ?

Question 24

Which statement describes the characteristics of protists found within the Supergroup Archaeplastida?

Answer 24

chloroplasts

Question 25

Which statement describes the characteristics of protists found within the Supergroup Amoebozoa?

Answer 25

Amoebas, slime molds

Question 26

Which statement describes the characteristics of protists found within the Supergroup Opisthokonta?

Answer 26

Choanoflagellates animals and fungi