Lecture 2

Question 1

What is the definition of a gene?

Answer 1

particular DNA Nucleotide Sequence

Question 2

What is the definition of an allele?

Answer 2

varying genetic trait (varying phenotypic things) will still be on the same location of the gene and chromosomes

Question 3

What is the definition of a locus?

Answer 3

where the gene is located on the chromosome

Question 4

What is the difference between a homozygous and heterozygous individual

Answer 4

HOMO - two of the same alleles (ex. HH or hh)
HETERO - two different alleles (ex. Hh)

Question 5

What is the difference between a genotype and phenotype?

Answer 5

Genotype —> the gene / alleles (hh)
Phenotype —> the physical trait (not hairy)

Question 6

What does it mean that Mendelian genetics are considered “discrete” genetics?

Answer 6

The dominant will always show up if present
○ The recessive allele will not show unless there are two there
○ Both alleles will not be shown proportionally in a heterozygous individual

Question 7

What do the letters on the outside of the Punnett square stand for?

Answer 7

Alleles (parents).

Question 8

What do the letters on the inside of the Punnett square stand for?

Answer 8

Offspring.

Question 9

What is the Law of Independent Assortment regarding genetics?

Answer 9

Parents can go through meiosis to create gametes and then they get mixed and make a very different individual. Genes located on different chromosomes assort independently