Lecture 2 Flashcards
What does Biology mean
Study of life
What are adaptions?
- Evolutionary process through which an organism adapts to its environments
- Enhances the way an organism lives and reproduces in a environment
What is the modern cell theory
- All cells come from pre-existing cells
- cells are basic function of life
- cells are building blocks
- cells contain hereditary information which is passed on
- most of chemical rxns occur within cells
- all cells are basically same chemical composition
What is biological universitatlity
- suggest that life once arose from one inanimate object and since then has been developing.
- all organisms have common ancestor- unity of life
What are certain elements used for abundantly in organisms?
- Animals use water 60%
- Plant use water 95%
- Calcium and phosphate are used for composition of bones and shells
- Sodium and Chloride are used for conducting electricity
What are the 8 characteristics of life
- Consists of one or more cells
- Need an constant input of energy
- Can regulate internal environment
- Short term stimuli repsonses
- Reproduction
- Growth & Devleopment
- Mobility
- Evolution
- Life consists of one or more cells. Explain
- Cells can be uni or multicellular
- Cells can be eukaryotes (nucleus) or prokaryotes (no nucleus)
Characterisitcs of being Unicellular-5
- single cells survive on their own, no dependency
- size of organism
- cells interact directly with external environment
- cell can carry out all functions necessary
- each cell retains ability to reproduce
Characteristics of being Multiceullar (7)
- cant survive on their own
- each cell has specific function
- larger size
- can grow longer
- one cell dies, the entire cell doesnt
- better homeostasis
- better mobility
Who was the first person to see a protist?
Antonie van leeuwenhook
- Life requires a constant put of energy. explain
Cells can be either autotrophic or heterotrophs to obtain energy
Autotrophs
Autotrophs make their own food, and use external sources to produce organic material.
2 types of autotrophs
Photoautotroph- gets all energy from the sun and inorganic materials such as H2O and CO2 (anabaena)
Chemoautotroph- gets all energy from inorganic compounds
Heterotoph
Depends on surrounding environment to get energy
2 types of heterotrophs
Photoheterotroph- gets energy from sunlight and surrounding environment ( halobacterium)
Chemoheterotroph- depends on surround for organic material and carbon source
Heterotrophs can also be divided based on energy levels
Herbivores- eat plant
Carnivores- eat animals and tissue
Omnivores- eat both
Detritivores vs Saprotrophs
Directly eats dead organic material by ingesting it and saprotrophs secrete enzymes on it and then consume the products for digestion
- Homeostasis
Living organisms can regulate their internal envrronment accordingly to the outside surroundings. Cichlid Fish. Hormones produces and cooridnates developmental physiological & behavioural changes in an animal
- short term stimuli
Living organisms have stimmuli responses
Stimuli are: cold, hot, light, sound and organisms can react to these stimuli
Flies tase food with their feet
Plants are sensitive to touch
- Reproduction
- Perpetuation is key to survival
- all aspects which help an organism reproduce are carried on to the next generation
- living organisms can reproduce sexually and/or asexually
4 types of asexual reproduction
- Fission- identical copy of mother cell
- Budding- new individual arises from outgrowth of another (hydra) . offspring is of a different sie
- Fragmentation & Reg is pieces of mother organism get torn apart and each piece goes on to become a new organism
- Parthogenesis- rise of new organism through unfertilized egg ( bees), is called apomixis in plants
2 types of sexual reproduction
Conjugation- exchange of dna with two species lined up beside each other
Gametogamy- production and fusion of gametes
