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Biology 121 > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does Biology mean

A

Study of life

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2
Q

What are adaptions?

A
  • Evolutionary process through which an organism adapts to its environments
  • Enhances the way an organism lives and reproduces in a environment
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3
Q

What is the modern cell theory

A
  • All cells come from pre-existing cells
  • cells are basic function of life
  • cells are building blocks
  • cells contain hereditary information which is passed on
  • most of chemical rxns occur within cells
  • all cells are basically same chemical composition
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4
Q

What is biological universitatlity

A
  • suggest that life once arose from one inanimate object and since then has been developing.
  • all organisms have common ancestor- unity of life
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5
Q

What are certain elements used for abundantly in organisms?

A
  • Animals use water 60%
  • Plant use water 95%
  • Calcium and phosphate are used for composition of bones and shells
  • Sodium and Chloride are used for conducting electricity
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6
Q

What are the 8 characteristics of life

A
  1. Consists of one or more cells
  2. Need an constant input of energy
  3. Can regulate internal environment
  4. Short term stimuli repsonses
  5. Reproduction
  6. Growth & Devleopment
  7. Mobility
  8. Evolution
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7
Q
  1. Life consists of one or more cells. Explain
A
  • Cells can be uni or multicellular

- Cells can be eukaryotes (nucleus) or prokaryotes (no nucleus)

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8
Q

Characterisitcs of being Unicellular-5

A
  • single cells survive on their own, no dependency
  • size of organism
  • cells interact directly with external environment
  • cell can carry out all functions necessary
  • each cell retains ability to reproduce
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9
Q

Characteristics of being Multiceullar (7)

A
  • cant survive on their own
  • each cell has specific function
  • larger size
  • can grow longer
  • one cell dies, the entire cell doesnt
  • better homeostasis
  • better mobility
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10
Q

Who was the first person to see a protist?

A

Antonie van leeuwenhook

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11
Q
  1. Life requires a constant put of energy. explain
A

Cells can be either autotrophic or heterotrophs to obtain energy

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12
Q

Autotrophs

A

Autotrophs make their own food, and use external sources to produce organic material.

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13
Q

2 types of autotrophs

A

Photoautotroph- gets all energy from the sun and inorganic materials such as H2O and CO2 (anabaena)

Chemoautotroph- gets all energy from inorganic compounds

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14
Q

Heterotoph

A

Depends on surrounding environment to get energy

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15
Q

2 types of heterotrophs

A

Photoheterotroph- gets energy from sunlight and surrounding environment ( halobacterium)

Chemoheterotroph- depends on surround for organic material and carbon source

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16
Q

Heterotrophs can also be divided based on energy levels

A

Herbivores- eat plant
Carnivores- eat animals and tissue
Omnivores- eat both

17
Q

Detritivores vs Saprotrophs

A

Directly eats dead organic material by ingesting it and saprotrophs secrete enzymes on it and then consume the products for digestion

18
Q
  1. Homeostasis
A

Living organisms can regulate their internal envrronment accordingly to the outside surroundings. Cichlid Fish. Hormones produces and cooridnates developmental physiological & behavioural changes in an animal

19
Q
  1. short term stimuli
A

Living organisms have stimmuli responses
Stimuli are: cold, hot, light, sound and organisms can react to these stimuli

Flies tase food with their feet
Plants are sensitive to touch

20
Q
  1. Reproduction
A
  • Perpetuation is key to survival
  • all aspects which help an organism reproduce are carried on to the next generation
  • living organisms can reproduce sexually and/or asexually
21
Q

4 types of asexual reproduction

A
  1. Fission- identical copy of mother cell
  2. Budding- new individual arises from outgrowth of another (hydra) . offspring is of a different sie
  3. Fragmentation & Reg is pieces of mother organism get torn apart and each piece goes on to become a new organism
  4. Parthogenesis- rise of new organism through unfertilized egg ( bees), is called apomixis in plants
22
Q

2 types of sexual reproduction

A

Conjugation- exchange of dna with two species lined up beside each other

Gametogamy- production and fusion of gametes

Biology 121 (1 decks)

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