Lecture 2

Question 1

When did the history of Black people begin

Answer 1

1619, but Africans were already present in the Western Hemisphere before that

Question 2

What happened with the arrival?

Answer 2

• forcible capture and transportation of millions of Africans from their homeland across the Atlantic Ocean
  -Arrival of about 20 Africans arrived in Jamestown, Virginia in 1619
• brought in a Portuguese slave ship named “Sao Joao Bautista”
  -Hundreds of thousands of Africans imported into British North America the following century

Question 3

August 1620

Answer 3

Arrival of the mayflower in Massachusetts with the English pilgrims symbolizing the English settlement in New England, a year after the arrival of the 20 Ndongans (Africa)

Question 4

Indentured servitude

Answer 4

-A person who signs and is bound by indentures to work for another for a specified time especially in return for payment of travel expenses and maintenance, etc

• A person under contract to worker another person for a definite period of time, usually without pay but in exchange for free passage to a new country
• A person became an indentured servant by borrowing money and then voluntary agreeing to work off the debt during a specified term

Question 5

Differences between indentured servitude and slavery

Answer 5

A. Indentured servitude was a form of debt bondage- it was agreed upon term of unpaid labor that usually paid off the costs of the servant’s immigration to America.

B. Indentured servants were not paid wages but they were generally housed, clothed, and fed

C. The rights to the individuals labor could be bought and sold, but the servants themselves were not considered property and were free upon the end of their indenture (usually a period of five to seven years)

Question 6

Radicalization

Answer 6

The act of giving a racial character to someone or something

Question 7

One-droprule

Answer 7

Any known black ancestry makes you black

(Mulatto, quadroon, octoroon)

Question 8

Atlantic slave trade

Answer 8

The transatlantic slave trade, or euro-American slave trade involving the transportation of kidnapped and sold African souls or people from various ethnicities by slave traders to the Americas

Regularly used the triangular trade route across the Atlantic Ocean (its middle passage) to the Americas

Question 9

Chattel slavery

Answer 9

Human beings (enslaved people) being see as a piece of property

Question 10

Slavery

Answer 10

State of being owned by another person being in bondage; servitude or subjugation

Question 11

Slavery

Answer 11

1. an institution
2. An industry
3. A socio-economic and cultural system
4. A political system
5. Based on the modern existentialist conception of race

Question 12

Race

Answer 12

It’s usually associated with biology and linked with physical characteristics such as skin color or hair texture

Question 13

Prejudice

Answer 13

Preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience

Question 14

Discrimination

Answer 14

The unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex

Question 15

Anti-racism

Answer 15

The policy or practice of opposing racism and promoting racial tolerance

Question 16

Racism

Answer 16

Prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against a person or people on the basis of their membership in a particular racial or ethnic group, typically one that is a minority or marginalized

Question 17

1641

Answer 17

Massachusetts became 1st English colony to recognize slavery

Question 18

1650

Answer 18

Connecticut legalized slavery

Question 19

Virginia law (1662)

Answer 19

Children born to enslaved mother would be slaves for life; a status that made slavery permanent and hereditary

Question 20

1664

Answer 20

New York and new Jersey legalized slavery

Question 21

17th century Virginia

Answer 21

Existence of free Africans and African Americans

Question 22

African American population

Answer 22

-About 20% of the total population by the time the 1st U.S. census was taken in 1790 ; could not return home with hard earned savings to buy property or start productive business and could not help their old countries National economy as did many immigrants from other lands

Question 23

John T. Biggers (1924-2001)

Answer 23

Middle passage (1947) stresses overcrowded conditions by showing the many disembodied hands reaching out of a tiny space or varying lifelessly in exhaustion

Question 24

Robert Hayden (1913-1980)

Answer 24

Wrote a poem “Middle Passage” voicing sentiments repeated often by African American visual arts.

Question 25

Ramare bearden (1914-1988)

Answer 25

“Root odyssey” depicted the relationship between the AST and African Americans in the mid 1970s

Question 26

Richard hunt

Answer 26

Used his abstraction “model for Middle Passage movement” to evoke a ruined ship and ocean, expressing the pitiable sadness of the slave trade