lecture 2 Flashcards
what cells secrete enzymes that degrade the endometrium linning? (in implantation)
trophoblastic cells
what 2 other substances are secreted by the cords of trophoblastic cells for the invasion of the endometrium (in implantation)
autocine growth factor (IGF)
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
what does the mom and fetus contribute , respectively, in the formation of the placenta
fetus- trophoblastic cells
mother- endometrium
what two things connect by the umbilical cord
the mother and the baby
describe the function of each:
- umbilical vein
- chorionic artery
- umbilical artery
umbilical vein-carries oxygenated blood to the fetus
umbilical artery- carries deoxygenated blood from the fetus
chorionic artery- also carries deoxygenated blood away from the fetus
describe atleast four functions of the placenta
- maintains immune tolerance of the fetus by the mother
- lung function- brings oxygen to the fetus
- kidney function- excretes fetus waste products
- dissipates heat generated by fetus
- provides nutrients
- produces hormones
which 5 hormones are produced by the placenta
- hCG
- hCS
- progesterone
- placental lactogen
- oestrogen
explain how increased blood pressure and oedema result from soluble factors of abnormal placentation
abnormal placentation causes placental ischemia (reduced placental perfusion).
in the absence of enough oxygen the placenta releases soluble factors into the maternal blood stream.
the soluble factors cause blood vessel endothelial dysfunction (vasoconstriction) and capillary membrane damage (in the glomerulas) (decreased capillary oncotic pressure).
this will result in increased BP, Edema and Proteinuria.
which cells (produced by the fetus) suppress the maternal cytotoxic T cells to avoid infertility/miscarriage/preeclampsia
lymphocytic suppressor cells
can pre-eclampsia be caused by abnormal placentation
yes because its characterised by increased BP
What are the 2 main characteristics of Pre-eclampsia
increased blood pressure and proteinuria
