Lecture 2 Flashcards
Are neural structures derived from the ectoderm, mesoderm, or endoderm?
They are derived from the endoderm (Page 4).
What does the neural crest form?
The neural crest forms the dorsal root ganglia (Page 4).
The (blank) induces the (blank) to fold into the (blank).
The notochord induces the neural plate to fold into the neural tube (Page 4).
What does the notochord become?
It becomes the nucleus pulposus (Page 4).
What does the neural tube become?
The rostral end of the neural tube becomes the brain (including the ventricles of the brain) and the caudal end of the neural tube becomes the spinal cord (Page 4).
What is the developmental pathway from the neural tube to the cerebral hemispheres of the brain?
Neural tube -> Prosencephalon -> Telencephalon -> Cerebral hemispheres (Page 5)
What is the developmental pathway from the neural tube to the thalamus, hypothalamus, and subthalamus?
Neural tube -> Prosencephalon -> Diencephalon -> Thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus (Page 5)
What is the developmental pathway from the neural tube to the midbrain?
Neural tube -> Mesencephalon -> Mesencephalon -> Midbrain (Page 5)
What is the developmental pathway from the neural tube to the pons and cerebellum?
Neural tube -> Rhombencephalon -> Metencephalon -> Pons and cerebellum (Page 5)
What is the developmental pathway from the neural tube to the medulla oblongata?
Neural tube -> Rhombencephalon -> Myelencephalon -> Medulla oblongata (Page 5)
What is the main difference between a fetal/infant brain and an adult brain?
Adult brains have more gyri and sulci because as the brain grows, it develops more gyri and sulci (Page 6).
What is the purpose of having more sulci?
To increase surface area for neurons. The brain does not grow in an adult so sulci develop to increase surface area (Page 7).
What is the purpose of meninges?
Their purpose is to protect and provide nutrients to the brain and spinal cord (Page 9).
List the three layers of the meninges from most superficial to most deep.
- Dura mater,
- Arachnoid mater,
- Pia mater.
(Page 9)
What are the strands of connective tissue in the arachnoid layer that gave it its name called?
They are called arachnoid trabeculae (Page 9).
In regards to meninges, where does cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow through?
CSF flows through the subarachnoid space. This space is between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater (Page 9).
What is the difference between white matter and grey matter?
White matter is composed of myelinated axons of neurons, whereas grey matter is composed of the cell bodies of neurons (Page 10).
Why is grey matter located where it is in the brain?
Grey matter is located on the more external parts of the brain and near important nuclei in order for the neuron cell bodies in the grey matter acquire easy access to cerebrospinal fluid and blood vessels (Page 10).
Are the thalami located more anteriorly or posteriorly?
The thalami are located more posteriorly (Page 10).
What lobes do the lateral sulcus separate?
The lateral sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe (Page 11).
What lobes do the central sulcus separate?
The central sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe (Page 11).
What lobes does the parieto-occipital sulcus separate?
The parieto-occipital sulcus separates the parietal lobe and the occipital lobe.
Where is the primary motor area of the brain located?
It is located within the precentral gyrus (Page 12).
Where is the primary sensory area of the brain located?
It is located within the postcentral gyrus (Page 12).
