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SAM2 > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

5 methods of sterilisation

A 
dry heat
autoclave
ionising radiation
chemical sterilisation (ethylene oxide, glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, OPA)
plasma sterilisation
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2
Q

Principles of Halsted

A 
handle tissue gently
control haemorrhage
aseptic technique
preserve blood supply
eliminate dead space
appose tissues with minimal tension
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3
Q

Classification of Operative surgeries according to

A 
Purpose
Efficacy
Typical/atypical
Urgency (CEPOD)
Severity (BUPA)
Anaesthetic risk (ASA)
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4
Q

BUPA

A

British United Provident Association

minor (cyst), IM (haemorrhaphia), major (gastrotomy), major plus (gastrectomy), complex major (cardiac).

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5
Q

ASA 1

A

healthy. 6weeks-5years

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6
Q

ASA 2

A

mild systemic disease. 3days - 6 weeks or 5-8years

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7
Q

ASA 3

A

severe systemic disease. non life threatening but visible functional impairment. 8-10 years.

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8
Q

ASA 4

A

severe systemic disease, constant threat to patients life. 0-3 days or >10years.

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9
Q

ASA 5

A

moribund status - will likely die in 24hours with/without surgery.

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10
Q

Congenital coagulopathy

A

Von Willebrandt, haemophilia

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11
Q

Acquired coagulopathy

A

trauma-shock, immune mediated thrombocytopenia, DIC, SIRS, splenic torsion, hepatopathy, uraemia.

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12
Q

Breeds dispositioned for coagulopathy disorders (4)

A

doberman, boxer, basset hound, cavalier king charles.

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13
Q

Coagulation tests

A

Primary haemostasis: platelet count, bleeding time
Secondary Haemostasis: APTT (intrinsic, normal is 20-30 seconds. decalcinated plasma with reagent silimat), PTT (extrinsic. Prothrombin time normal 10-15 seconds, sample with 3.8% sodium citrate in 9:1 dilution and centrifuged)

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14
Q

Increased APTT but normal PT?

A

Problems with intrinsic path:

Haemophilia A, B or von Willebrands disease

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15
Q

Increased PT but normal APTT?

A

Extrinsic pathway problems such as
Factor VII deficiency’ (shortest half-life)
Dicumarol Toxicosis

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16
Q

Increased APTT and PT?

A

Common Pathway problem like liver disease (decreased production of coagulation factors), DIC, dicumarol toxicosis stage 2, Factor X, V, II, I or XIII deficiency.

17
Q

Intraoperative Surgical Haemostasis

A

physical compression
coagulation - electrocautery, gelatin sponge (spongostan), oxidated cellulose mesh: surgicel, electronic tissue sealing device, argon spray, laser)

18
Q

Monitoring for PostOp Bleeding

A

check mucosal colour, CRT, RBC and platelet count, PCV and TPP

19
Q

Natural absorbable suture materials

A

Catgut and collagen

20
Q

Synthetic absorbable suture materials

A

polyglycolic acid
polygalactin
polydioxanone (PDS)

21
Q

Natural nonabsorbable suture materials

A

silk and cotton

22
Q

Synthetic nonabsorbable suture materials

A

polyamide, polyesther, polyolefins

23
Q

Surgical needle shapes

A

3/8 (circle), 5/8, 1/2, J shape, compound curve

24
Q

Surgical needle types

A

taper point, blunt, cutting (traditional, reverse)

25
Q

Suture patterns

classification according to

A 
knot
tissue layer
tension sutures
plastic sutures
crushing/noncrushing
26
Q

Interrupted knot suture patterns

A

simple, mattress, cruciate, purse string

27
Q

continuous knot suture patterns

A

simple, mattress, hooked

28
Q

Penetrating tissue layer suture pattern

A

Albert

29
Q

Seromuscular tissue layer suture pattern

A

Lembert

30
Q

Simple interrupted suture pattern is for ..

A

skin, fascia, GIT

31
Q

Cruciate (X-) suture pattern is for..

A

skin

32
Q

Interlocking continuous suture pattern is for ..

A

skin, diaphragm

33
Q

Indications of drainage

A

fluid accumulation in a compartment
septic complications
leading irritating secretions (eg bile)

34
Q

Types of drainage

A

Tube drain - Penrose drain
Passive (1/2 exit drain), active (suction or flushing drain)
Subdermal, Subfascial, chest, abdominal

35
Q

how long are drains kept in

A

usually 1-3 days

until the drain produces fluid

SAM2 (1 decks)

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