lecture 2 Flashcards
Observed cork cells using his invented
microscope
Robert Hooke
when was the term cell coind
1665
1st statement of the cell theory
All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
2nd statement of the cell theory and scientists
Cells are the basic structural unit of every
living organism
-Schleiden and Schwann
3rd statement of the cell theory and the scientist
All cells arise from pre-existing cells
-Virchow
state the 4 types of microscopes
light microscope. fluorescence microscope, transmission electron microscope, and scanning electron microscope
Has a true nucleus and other
membrane bound organelles
eukaryotic cell
DNA is circular and freefloating in the cytoplasm
prokaryotic cell
DNA is linear and contained in
the nucleus
eukaryotic cell
what are the 3 different cell shapes
tubular, cuboidal, and elongated
outermost portion
- made up mostly of cellulose
- first line of defense for plants
against pathogens
cell wal
double membrane organelle
- selectively permeable (allows gases, hydrophobic
molecules and small polar molecules can pass through
freely by osmosis)
cell/plasma membrane
where the hereditary material
(DNA) is located
-control cellular activities
nucleus
a network of sacs that manufactures, processes, and transports chemical compounds for use inside and outside of the cell -also connects between cells via plasmodesmata
endoplasmic reticulum
for distribution and packaging of the cell's chemical products -it also modifies proteins and fats built in the endoplasmic reticulum and prepares them for export outside of the cell
golgi apparatus
oblong shaped, double membrane
organelle found in the cytoplasm
-Site of cellular respiration
mitochondrion
double membrane organelles for
photosynthesis and storage
plastids
site of photosynthesis
cholorlasts
– precursor of all plastids
proplastids
– plastids found in etiolated plants
etioplasts
store fats and oils
elaioplasts
colorless plastids found nonphotosynthetic tissues of plants
leucoplasts
store protein
proteinoplast
store starch
amyloplast
stores pigments
chromoplast
a diverse group of organelles that are found in the cytoplasm, roughly spherical and bound by a single membrane - Removes toxic substances from the cell (ex.hydrogen peroxide – common product of cellular metabolism) - Contains hydrolytic enzymes
peroxisomes
small tubes that connect plant cells to each other, providing living bridges between cells - Serve for cell to cell communication
plasmodesmata
storage site; maintains turgidity of the cell
vacuole
enumerate the 3 types of plant cells
parenchyma cells, collenchyma cells, sclerenchyma cells
a plant cell type that is alive at maturity; thin primary
walls; metabolism and storage
parenchyma cells
a plant cell type that is alive at maturity; unevenly
thickened primary walls; support
collenchyma cells
a plant cell type that is – dead at maturity; thick
secondary walls; support
sclerenchyma cells
