Lecture 1_ Management-Research Relationship, Key Researchers Tasks & How to approach the BSc. Project-2

Question 1

Why should research be considered in management studies?

Answer 1

Research allows managers to make better decisions by acquiring information, alternative to intuition, experience or advice.

Question 2

What is a research question example for declining sales?

Answer 2

Which customer group is buying less?

Question 3

What is a research question example for high employee turnover?

Answer 3

Which factors drive employee loyalty?

Question 4

What is the first step in going from a business problem to a research question?

Answer 4

Formulate a knowledge question.

Question 5

What are the five steps to develop a research question?

Answer 5

1. Formulate a knowledge question
2. Collect existing knowledge
3. Collect new data
4. Analyze and interpret the data
5. Formulate an answer to the question

Question 6

What does the acronym TES(C)O stand for in scientific reasoning?

Answer 6

Theory, Expectations, Studies, Observations.

Question 7

What is inductive reasoning?

Answer 7

Observing general phenomena and deriving a generalization from specific instances.

Question 8

What is deductive reasoning?

Answer 8

Starting from general statements to reach a specific conclusion.

Question 9

What is abductive reasoning?

Answer 9

Alternating between theorizing and testing based on specific and general interactions.

Question 10

What does being ‘critical’ in research mean?

Answer 10

It involves identifying stronger and weaker parts, comparing literature, and reflecting on biases and ethics.

Question 11

What is typically a managerial problem?

Answer 11

A performance problem in the business that is part of a mess of interrelated issues.

Question 12

What types of knowledge can research questions seek to create?

Answer 12

1. Descriptive knowledge
2. Explanatory knowledge
3. Predictive knowledge
4. Prescriptive knowledge

Question 13

What is the difference between primary and secondary data?

Answer 13

Primary data is new and collected by the researcher; secondary data is pre-existing and already collected.

Question 14

What is qualitative data?

Answer 14

Data represented by words and pictures, gathered through interviews or observations.

Question 15

What is quantitative data?

Answer 15

Data represented by numbers, gathered through counting or measuring.

Question 16

What is the difference between empirical and simulated data?

Answer 16

Empirical data is real data; simulated data is based on models used to understand how the real world works.

Question 17

What are the four types of research approaches?

Answer 17

1. Exploratory/Descriptive
2. Theory-building
3. Theory-testing
4. Decision science

Question 18

What is the output of exploratory research?

Answer 18

Description of a phenomenon or process.

Question 19

What is the output of theory-testing research?

Answer 19

Proof and quantification of relationships between established variables.

Question 20

What is the output of decision science research?

Answer 20

Better decisions, techniques, algorithms, or models for optimization.

Question 21

What is a CIMO statement?

Answer 21

A structured recommendation format: ‘From this research we learn that in Context C, if you do Intervention I, the Mechanism M will help to achieve Outcome O.’

Question 22

What does it mean that data IS NOT knowledge?

Answer 22

Data is unprocessed; knowledge results from processing and analyzing data.

Question 23

What is the main focus of the review of evidence step in research?

Answer 23

Systematic search for relevant literature and critical synthesis.

Question 24

What is the importance of research design?

Answer 24

It ensures consistency between research objective, questions, and type.

Question 25

What types of data are likely involved in exploratory research?

Answer 25

Both qualitative and quantitative data.

Question 26

What kind of knowledge does theory-building research aim to generate?

Answer 26

Explanatory knowledge.

Question 27

What is the role of recommendations in research outcomes?

Answer 27

To support decision-making based on research findings.

Question 28

Why is research important for managers?

Answer 28

It helps managers make decisions based on experience, intuition, or data.

Question 29

What are the basic steps in research?

Answer 29

* Formulating a knowledge question * Collecting existing knowledge * Gathering new data * Analyzing and interpreting findings * Formulating an answer

Question 30

What is the difference between business problems and research questions?

Answer 30

Business problems are practical issues, while research questions are knowledge questions derived from business problems.

Question 31

What are the three types of scientific reasoning?

Answer 31

* Inductive Reasoning * Deductive Reasoning * Abductive Reasoning

Question 32

What does inductive reasoning involve?

Answer 32

Observations leading to generalization, used for theory building.

Question 33

What does deductive reasoning involve?

Answer 33

Premises leading to a logical conclusion, used for theory testing.

Question 34

What is abductive reasoning?

Answer 34

Combining observations and theory for the best possible explanation, used for theory modification.

Question 35

What is the research cycle?

Answer 35

A cyclical process that emphasizes critical reflection at all stages.

Question 36

What is typically identified as a managerial problem?

Answer 36

A performance problem.

Question 37

What types of research questions exist?

Answer 37

* Descriptive: How things are * Explanatory: Why things are that way * Predictive: How things will be * Prescriptive: How things should be done

Question 38

What is a systematic literature review?

Answer 38

A review using academic and professional sources to gather evidence.

Question 39

What are the types of research designs?

Answer 39

* Exploratory * Theory-Building * Theory-Testing * Decision Science

Question 40

What distinguishes primary data from secondary data?

Answer 40

Primary data is newly collected, while secondary data is pre-existing.

Question 41

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data?

Answer 41

* Qualitative: Words, images, narratives * Quantitative: Numerical, statistical

Question 42

What is exploratory research used for?

Answer 42

Used when the problem is new or unclear.

Question 43

What does theory-building research aim to achieve?

Answer 43

It aims to understand relationships between components.

Question 44

What is the purpose of theory-testing research?

Answer 44

To test established theories using hypotheses.

Question 45

What does decision science research develop?

Answer 45

Tools or algorithms for decision-making.

Question 46

What is a construct?

Answer 46

A theoretical concept that may be abstract and not directly measurable.

Question 47

What is a variable?

Answer 47

Observable and measurable concepts, the operationalized form of constructs.

Question 48

What defines a hypothesis?

Answer 48

A testable statement about the relationship between variables.

Question 49

What is a theory?

Answer 49

It explains the relationships between constructs observed or approximated in the empirical world.

Question 50

What is the importance of research ethics?

Answer 50

It involves following moral principles to protect participants and the integrity of the study.

Question 51

What is informed consent?

Answer 51

Participants must be fully aware of the research purpose, procedures, risks, and their right to withdraw.

Question 52

What should researchers ensure regarding confidentiality?

Answer 52

Protect participant data and ensure privacy.

Question 53

What ethical consideration must be taken to avoid harm?

Answer 53

Studies should not cause physical, psychological, or social harm to participants.

Question 54

What is the ethical approval process?

Answer 54

Research proposals must undergo ethical review by ethics committees.

Question 55

What is the role of voluntary participation in research ethics?

Answer 55

Participants must not feel pressured to take part.

Question 56

What is the ethical issue regarding deception in research?

Answer 56

Deception should be avoided unless absolutely necessary and justified.

Question 57

What must researchers avoid in data analysis and reporting?

Answer 57

Data manipulation or misrepresentation.

Question 58

What is considered unethical in research?

Answer 58

Plagiarism and selective reporting.

Question 59

What additional ethical measures are needed in business research?

Answer 59

Balancing organizational interests with participant rights.