Lecture 19

Question 1

What two viruses are closely related to orbiviruses that cause hemorrhagic disease in deer and have indistinguishable clinical signs?

Answer 1

Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus and Bluetongue virus.

Question 1

What foreign animal disease is part of orbivirus?

Answer 1

African Horse Sickness

Question 2

How is EHD and Bluetongue transmitted?

Answer 2

It is transmitted by Culicoides sonorensis

Culicoides insignis confirmed vector of bluetongue in SE USA

Question 3

True or False, EDH and Bluetongue is transmitted July through Novemember.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

How many serotypes of EHDV are there?

Answer 4

3 serotypes

Question 5

Hemorrhagic disease only occurs in ______

Answer 5

Cervids

Question 6

Clinical signs of EHD and Bluetongue:

Answer 6

• Sudden death to chronic disease
• Pyrexia, depression
• Reddening of periocular skin and nostrils (hyperemia)
• Swelling of head and neck (vascular damage and hemorrhage)
  -Neurological signs: ataxia, blindness, loss of fear
• Sloughing of hoof, antlers

Question 7

Bluetongue and EHD cause damage to ____ _____ _____

Answer 7

Small blood vessels

• Replicate in lymphoreticular system= endothelial cells after bite

Question 8

Bluetongue and EHD diagnosis: gross pathology

Answer 8

• Petechial hemorrhages
• Pulmonary edema
• Swelling of tongue, head, neck
  -Pericardial effusion
  -Splenomegaly
  -Hyperemia or hemorrhage of forestomach

Question 9

Bluetongue and EHD diagnostic testings:

Answer 9

-Histopath
-RT-PCR
-Virus isolation
-Serology
-Fluorescent antibody
-Immunohistochem

Question 10

True or False, Vaccines for BTV and EHD are available for farm animals, zoo animals and wildlife.

Answer 10

False!!
Vaccine available ONLY for farm animals.

Question 11

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSE) is a _____ disease.

Answer 11

prion

Question 12

Characteristics of TSE:

Answer 12

-Brain degeneration with vacuolation
-Long (2.5 years and >) incubation period
- Infectivity VERY hard to inactivate
-No host immune response is detectable
-Fatal

Question 13

How is TSE transmitted?

Answer 13

Meat products, indirect contact and iatrogenic (use of needles)

Question 14

Chronic wasting disease is slowly spreading throughout the ______

Answer 14

USA

Question 15

Racoon rabies transmission:

Answer 15

Bite or scratch of a rabid animal

Aerosol transmission in bat caves

Contamination of mucous membranes

Question 16

Rabies can be incubated for ______ but can range.

Answer 16

1 to 3 months

Question 17

Where does rabies virus replicate?

Answer 17

In peripheral nerves or non nervous tissue such as muscle

Virus then moves to the central nervous system via the spinal cord to the brain

Question 18

Which animals are important reservoirs for rabies in the USA?

Answer 18

Raccoons (SE)
Skunks
Foxes

Question 19

Rabies clinical course- Prodromal period (1-2 days):

Answer 19

Early symptoms and signs of an illness that precede the characteristics manifestations of the acute, fully developed illness.

Viral shedding occurs despite lack of obvious clinical signs